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. 2022 Jan 20;14(3):453.
doi: 10.3390/nu14030453.

Effect of Dietary Protein and Processing on Gut Microbiota-A Systematic Review

Shujian Wu  1   2   3   4   5 , Zuhaib F Bhat  6 , Rochelle S Gounder  7 , Isam A Mohamed Ahmed  8 , Fahad Y Al-Juhaimi  8 , Yu Ding  5 , Alaa E-D A Bekhit  7
Affiliations

Effect of Dietary Protein and Processing on Gut Microbiota-A Systematic Review

Shujian Wu et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The effect of diet on the composition of gut microbiota and the consequent impact on disease risk have been of expanding interest. The present review focuses on current insights of changes associated with dietary protein-induced gut microbial populations and examines their potential roles in the metabolism, health, and disease of animals. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol was used, and 29 highly relevant articles were obtained, which included 6 mouse studies, 7 pig studies, 15 rat studies, and 1 in vitro study. Analysis of these studies indicated that several factors, such as protein source, protein content, dietary composition (such as carbohydrate content), glycation of protein, processing factors, and protein oxidation, affect the digestibility and bioavailability of dietary proteins. These factors can influence protein fermentation, absorption, and functional properties in the gut and, consequently, impact the composition of gut microbiota and affect human health. While gut microbiota can release metabolites that can affect host physiology either positively or negatively, the selection of quality of protein and suitable food processing conditions are important to have a positive effect of dietary protein on gut microbiota and human health.

Keywords: dietary protein; gut microbiota; health; influence; meta-analysis; processing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart detailing the process of identifying and selecting studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of different protein sources on gut microbiota.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of diet composition on gut microbiota.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of food processing on protein to influence gut microbiota.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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