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. 2022 May;51(3):290-301.
doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2022.02.001. Epub 2022 Mar 10.

Nursing Resources by Type of Maternity Unit Across Regions of the United States

Rebecca R S Clark, Morgan E Peele, Eileen T Lake

Nursing Resources by Type of Maternity Unit Across Regions of the United States

Rebecca R S Clark et al. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2022 May.

Abstract

Objective: To examine variation in nursing resources across three different types of maternity units in five regions of the United States.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive.

Setting: Maternity units in hospitals in 48 states and the District of Columbia that participated in the 2016 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicator survey.

Participants: Staff nurses (N = 19,486) who worked in 707 maternity units.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of survey data examining nursing resources (work environment, staffing, education, specialty certification) by type of maternity unit, including labor and delivery, labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum, and postpartum. We used descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.

Results: Participants worked in 707 units (269 labor and delivery units, 164 labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum units, and 274 postpartum units) in 444 hospitals. The work environment was not significantly different across unit types (mean = 2.89-2.94, p = .27). Staffing, education, and specialty certification varied significantly across the unit types (p ≤ .001). In terms of staffing, postpartum units had, on average, almost twice the number of patients per nurse as labor and delivery units (7.51 patients/nurse vs. 4.01 patients/nurse, p ≤ .001) and 1.5 times more patients than labor/delivery/recovery/postpartum units (5.04 patients/nurse vs. 4.01 patients/nurse, p ≤ .001).

Conclusion: Nursing resources varied significantly across types of maternity units and regions of the United States. This variation suggests that improving nursing resources may be a system-level target for improving maternity care in the United States.

Keywords: United States; health care; health workforce; hospital; hospitals; maternal health services; maternal–child nursing; nurses; nursing staff; quality indicators; workplace.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest The authors report no conflicts of interest or relevant financial relationships.

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