Preclinical evaluation of a mannose-labeled magnetic tracer for enhanced sentinel lymph node retention in the head and neck

Abstract

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cancers of the head and neck offers demonstrated clinical and diagnostic value, but adoption is limited by concerns about the detrimental consequence to survival of false negative results in a highly curable setting. The aim of this study was to demonstrate potential to overcome this via application of a novel mannose-labeled magnetic iron oxide tracer. In a large animal model, preoperative imaging and intraoperative magnetometer detection were used to identify magnetic lymph nodes. Iron quantification mapped the distribution of tracer within lymphatic levels. Over a 4-week test period, uptake of magnetic tracer in lymph nodes increased in a linear-like fashion, with a substantial percentage of accumulated iron (83%) being retained in the sentinel node. This result indicates a high affinity of mannose-labeled particles to the sentinel node, while providing a means for the magnetometer probe to indicate node status based on intraoperative signal.

Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Oral squamous cell carcinoma; Sentinel lymph node biopsy; Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle.