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. 2022 Mar 13;22(1):120.
doi: 10.1186/s12876-022-02153-9.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of synchronous colorectal cancer: a retrospective study

Huaxian Chen #  1   2 , Shi Yin #  1   2 , Zhizhong Xiong #  1   2 , Xianzhe Li  1   2 , Fengxiang Zhang  1   2 , Xijie Chen  1   2 , Jianping Guo  1   2 , Minghao Xie  3 , Chaobin Mao  2 , Longyang Jin  1   2 , Lei Lian  4   5
Affiliations

Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of synchronous colorectal cancer: a retrospective study

Huaxian Chen et al. BMC Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Background: The clinical characteristics of synchronous colorectal cancer (SCRC) reported in previous studies differ significantly. Furthermore, little is known about the characteristics of early-onset synchronous colorectal cancer (EO-SCRC). The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the clinicopathological characteristics of SCRC and EO-SCRC and define their relevant prognostic factors.

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for SCRC and primary unifocal colorectal cancer (PCRC) between January 2007 and December 2020 were included in this study. The clinical, histological, and molecular characteristics of the patient's tumours were analysed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the association between clinicopathological factors and patient survival.

Results: A total of 1554 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 1132 (72.84%) had PCRC and 422 (27.16%) had SCRC. SCRC occurred more frequently in the elderly (P < 0.001) and in male patients (P = 0.002). The 5-year OS rate was 73.7% ± 2.0% for PCRC and 61.9% ± 3.9% for SCRC (P < 0.05). However, the Cox regression analysis showed that SCRC was not an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of OS. A total of 64 patients (15.17%) in the SCRC group had early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), whereas 257 (22.70%) in the PCRC group had EOCRC (P = 0.001). The proportion of patients with deficient mismatch repair proteins (dMMR) in EO-SCRC subgroup was significantly higher than that in late-onset synchronous colorectal cancer (LO-SCRC) subgroup (23.44% vs. 10.34%, P = 0.006). Patients with EO-SCRC had more TNM stage IV (P < 0.001) and fewer opportunities for radical surgery (79.69% vs. 92.22%, P = 0.007) than those with early-onset primary unifocal colorectal cancer (EO-PCRC). There was no significant difference in 5-year OS between the EO-SCRC and LO-SCRC subgroups (P = 0.091) and between the EO-SCRC and EO-PCRC subgroups (P = 0.094). Multivariate analysis revealed that EOCRC was an independent good prognostic parameter for colorectal cancer (CRC) and SCRC.

Conclusion: For patients with operative treatment, EO-SCRC is different from LO-SCRC and EO-PCRC. Patients with SCRC show a poorer survival rate than those with PCRC. However, SCRC is not an independent prognostic factor for CRC, whereas EOCRC is a good prognostic factor for CRC and SCRC.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Early-onset colorectal cancer; Prognosis; Synchronous colorectal cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors have no financial relationships to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of the study
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The overall survival (OS) rate in patients with SCRC and those with PCRC. There was a statistically significant difference in 5-year survival between patients with SCRC and those with PCRC
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The overall survival (OS) rate in patients with LOCRC and EOCRC in the SCRC and PCRC groups. A OS between LOCRC and EOCRC, B OS between LO-PCRC and EO-PCRC, C OS between LO-SCRC and EO-SCRC, D OS between EO-PCRC and EO-SCRC. There was no significant difference in five-year OS between the LO-SCRC and EO-SCRC subgroups and between the EO-PCRC and EO-SCRC subgroups. However, there was a significant difference in five-year OS between the LOCRC and EOCRC subgroups and between the LO-PCRC and EO-PCRC subgroups
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