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. 2022 Feb 25:16:819232.
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.819232. eCollection 2022.

The Effect of Pedaling at Different Cadence on Attentional Resources

Mayu Akaiwa  1 , Koki Iwata  2 , Hidekazu Saito  3 , Eriko Shibata  4 , Takeshi Sasaki  5 , Kazuhiro Sugawara  5
Affiliations

The Effect of Pedaling at Different Cadence on Attentional Resources

Mayu Akaiwa et al. Front Hum Neurosci. .

Abstract

We investigated the relationship between attentional resources and pedaling cadence using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure P300 amplitudes and latencies. Twenty-five healthy volunteers performed the oddball task while pedaling on a stationary bike or relaxing (i.e., no pedaling). We set them four conditions, namely, (1) performing only the oddball task (i.e., control), (2) performing the oddball task while pedaling at optimal cadence (i.e., optimal), (3) performing the oddball task while pedaling faster than optimal cadence (i.e., fast), and (4) performing the oddball task while pedaling slower than optimal cadence (i.e., slow). P300 amplitudes at Cz and Pz electrodes under optimal, fast, and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under control conditions. P300 amplitudes at Pz under fast and slow conditions were significantly lower than those under the optimal condition. No significant changes in P300 latency at any electrode were observed under any condition. Our findings revealed that pedaling at non-optimal cadence results in less attention being paid to external stimuli compared with pedaling at optimal cadence.

Keywords: P300; attention; electroencephalography; oddball paradigm; pedaling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Waveforms of acceleration (ACC), rectified electromyogram (EMG), and smoothed EMG. The thin line shows the baseline (0 mV) of smoothed EMG.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Grand-averaged waveforms of P300 elicited by target and standard stimuli at three cortical electrodes under each condition.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The amplitude and latency of P300 at each condition. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The %EMG of the right vastus medialis (VM) and the short head of biceps femoris (BF). Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Correlations between conditions and P300 amplitude at each electrode. No significant correlations were found under all conditions.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
The error rate of each condition. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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