Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar;29(3):1322-1336.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.013. Epub 2021 Dec 11.

Ascorbate glutathione antioxidant system alleviates fly ash stress by modulating growth physiology and biochemical responses in Solanum lycopersicum

Sami Ullah Qadir  1 , Vaseem Raja  2 , Weqar A Siddiqui  3 , Tariq Shah  4 , Saleh Alansi  5 , Mohamed A El-Sheikh  5
Affiliations

Ascorbate glutathione antioxidant system alleviates fly ash stress by modulating growth physiology and biochemical responses in Solanum lycopersicum

Sami Ullah Qadir et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were developed in soils with different fly ash (FA) amendments (25, 50, 75, 100% FA) to measure the effects of FA on metal accumulation, chlorophyll pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth, biomass, gas exchange parameters, and the ascorbate glutathione pathway (AsA-GSH). The metal concentration was much higher in FA compared to the garden soil/(control). The observed metal translocation was higher in roots than shoots. Plants raised in soils treated with 50% or more FA showed significant decreases in growth, biomass, gas exchange parameters, protein, chlorophyll pigments, and fluorescence parameters. Additionally, a significant increase in antioxidants under higher FA-amended soils were observed. Our results showed that the ability of Solanum lycopersicum plants to effectively synchronize the actions of antioxidant enzymes associated in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging - notably superoxidase dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) - with good maintenance of the AsA/DHA ratio, that could be connected to FA stress tolerance. The toxic metals present in FA caused oxidative stress in Solanum lycopersicum, as evident from the increase in electrolyte leakage (EL), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and ROS levels. Furthermore, the AsA-GSH cycle plays a key role in alleviating oxidative damage caused by FA application.

Keywords: Fly ash; Heavy metal; Oxidative stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Solanum lycopersicum; Stress tolerance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of different (FA) amendments on the accumulation of (A) Zn (µg g−1 DW), (B) Cu (µg g−1 DW), (C) Cr (µg g−1 DW) and (D) Cd (µg g−1 DW), in roots and shoots. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 25 in each case). letters are statistically significant at P < 0.05.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of different FA amended soils on (A) Chl. a (B) Chl. b, (C) total Chl. and (D) carotenoids (E) photosynthetic rate (Pn), (F) transpiration rate (E), (G) stomatal conductance (gs), (H) CO2 assimilation rate (A), and (I) SPAD index in tomato leaves. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 25 in each case). Different letters denote statistical significance at P < 0.05.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of different FA amended soils on (A&B) ROS generation, (C) EL and (D) MDA content, (E,F,G) activity of APX, DHAR, and MDHAR, and (H&I) activity of SOD and GR respectively in tomato leaves. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 25 in each case). Letters indicate statistical significance at P < 0.05.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of different FA amended soils on (A) Protein (B) proline content in tomato leaves. Data signifies the mean ± SD (n = 25 in each case). Letters denote statistical significance at P < 0.05.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effect of different FA amended soils on AsA-GSH pool (A) tASA, (B) AsA, (C) DHA, (D)AsA/DHA (E) tGSH (F) GSH, (G) GSSG and (H) GSH/GSSG ratio in tomato plants. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 25 in each case). Different letters represent statistical significance at P < 0.05.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Afshan S., Ali S., Bharwana S.A., Rizwan M., Farid M., Abbas F., Ibrahim M., Mehmood M.A., Abbasi G.H. Citric acid enhances the phytoextraction of chromium, plant growth, and photosynthesis by alleviating the oxidative damages in Brassica napus L. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2015;22(15):11679–11689. doi: 10.1007/s11356-015-4396-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ahmad G., Khan A.A., Mohamed H.I. Impact of the low and high concentrations of fly ash amended soil on growth, physiological response, and yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch Ex Poiret L.) Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2021;28:17068–17083. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12029-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ahmad P., Jaleel C.A., Salem M.A., Nabi G., Sharma S. Roles of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in plants during abiotic stress. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2010;30(3):161–175. - PubMed
    1. Ahmad P., Tripathi D.K., Deshmukh R., Pratap Singh V., Corpas F.J. Revisiting the role of ROS and RNS in plants under changing environment. Environ. Exp. Bot. 2019;161:1–3.
    1. Alyemeni M.N., Ahanger M.A., Wijaya L., Alam P., Ahmad P. Contrasting tolerance among soybean genotypes subjected to different levels of cadmium stress. Pak. J. Bot. 2017;49:903–911.