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. 2022 Mar;29(3):1515-1520.
doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.020. Epub 2021 Nov 19.

Prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle blood samples collected from two important livestock regions in Punjab (Pakistan) with a note on epidemiology and phylogeny of parasite

Shahzadi Noor Ul Ain Zafar  1 , Adil Khan  2 , Sadaf Niaz  3 , Munir Aktas  4 , Sezayi Ozubek  4 , Muhammad Farooq  5 , Muhammad Moeen Adil  5 , Zbigniew Zając  6 , Furhan Iqbal  1 , Ahmad R Alhimaidi  7 , Ayman A Swelum  8
Affiliations

Prevalence of Anaplasma marginale in cattle blood samples collected from two important livestock regions in Punjab (Pakistan) with a note on epidemiology and phylogeny of parasite

Shahzadi Noor Ul Ain Zafar et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Anaplasmosis, caused by intracellular gram-negative bacteria Anaplasma marginale is one of the most frequently reported tick-borne disease (TBDs) in tropical and sub-tropical countries, including Pakistan. In the present study, a total of 428 cattle blood samples were collected to examine the prevalence and phylogenetic origin of A. marginale in two important livestock regions of Punjab Province in Pakistan, i.e. Lodhran and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts. In addition, association between occurrence of A. marginale in cattle blood and selected epidemiological factors has been also investigated. The presence of A. marginale genetic material was confirmed in 9% of the tested blood samples taken from cattle in Lodhran and in 17% from Dera Ghazi Khan. Prevalence of A. marginale was significantly higher in cattle from Dera Ghazi Khan. All the cattle breeds from both districts were equally susceptible to A. marginale infection. We reported higher prevalence of A. marginale in cattle living indoors or with other dairy animals in Dera Ghazi Khan district. However, no such relationship was observed in the Lodhran district. Sequencing of the msp1b gene shows 96-99% similarity of A. marginale in the study area to those reported from other parts of Pakistan, South Africa, and Israel. We recommend that large scale tick and tick-borne disease control strategies must be implemented in both districts.

Keywords: Cattle; Molecular characterization; Pakistan; Punjab.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Phylogenetic tree of A. marginale based on partial msp1bgen sequences from isolates taken from cattle blood samples in Pakistan and cattle worldwide, available in GenBank. Four new sequences of A. marginale obtained in the present study are represented in bold. Scale bar represents 0.2 substitutions per nucleotide position.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Map of Pakistan with highlighted Punjab Province and Lodhran and Dera Ghazi Khan districts. Map was generated in the Datawrapper 1.25 web tool (Datawrapper GmbH, https://app.datawrapper.de/) and modified in GIMP 2.10 software (GIMP Development Team, https://www.gimp.org/).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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