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. 2022 Mar 5:14:85-98.
doi: 10.2147/OAEM.S335927. eCollection 2022.

Incidence and Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia Among Traumatic Brain Injury in Northwest Ethiopia

Sahlu Mitku Shiferaw  1 , Emiru Ayalew Mengistie  2 , Getasew Mulatu Aknaw  3 , Abraham Tsedalu Amare  4 , Kefyalew Amogne Azanaw  5
Affiliations

Incidence and Predictors of Aspiration Pneumonia Among Traumatic Brain Injury in Northwest Ethiopia

Sahlu Mitku Shiferaw et al. Open Access Emerg Med. .

Abstract

Background: A significantly greater proportion of patients who die due to aspiration pneumonia were diagnosed with in-hospital aspiration pneumonia (19%). The incidence and major predictors are not known clearly, especially in Ethiopia.

Objective: To determine the incidence and predictors of aspiration pneumonia among adult traumatic brain injury patients at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Bahir Dar, North west Ethiopia, in 2021.

Methods: An institution-based retrospective study was conducted from all admitted adult traumatic brain injury patients at Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020 for 51 days of survival. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival curve log rank test, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model were used.

Results: A total of 396 adult patients diagnosed and admitted with traumatic brain injury in the past 5 years were included. Seventy patients (17.67%) developed aspiration pneumonia, providing an incidence rate of 32.39 (95% CI=25-62-40.94) per 1,000 person days of observation. Independent predictors were being referred for AHR (2.43; 95% CI=1.12-5.25), nasogastric tube insertion AHR (3.02; 95% CI=1.43-6.39), and baseline Glasgow coma scale <8 AHR (3.88; 95% CI=1.42-10.062).

Conclusion: Having a nasogastric tube and low baseline Glasgow coma scale were significant predictors. This improves prehospital and hospital care during transportation and admission time.

Keywords: Bahir Dar; Ethiopia; aspiration pneumonia; traumatic brain injury.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The proportion of traumatic brain injury patient outcomes in FCSH admitted patients, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing incidence of AP on directly admitted versus referral patients in FCSH, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing incidence of AP on patients with nasogastric tube versus without NGT in FCSH, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing incidence of AP on patients with three categories of baseline GCS level In FCSH, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cox Snell residual test showing overall goodness of fit for posttraumatic AP In FCSH from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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