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. 2022 Feb 24:13:817298.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.817298. eCollection 2022.

Psychological Resilience, Cardiovascular Disease, and Metabolic Disturbances: A Systematic Review

Anwal Ghulam  1 , Marialaura Bonaccio  2 , Simona Costanzo  2 , Francesca Bracone  2 , Francesco Gianfagna  1   3 , Giovanni de Gaetano  2 , Licia Iacoviello  1   2
Affiliations

Psychological Resilience, Cardiovascular Disease, and Metabolic Disturbances: A Systematic Review

Anwal Ghulam et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Background: Positive psychosocial factors can play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among them, psychological resilience (PR) is defined as the capacity of responding positively to stressful events. Our aim was to assess whether PR is associated with CVD or metabolic disturbances through a systematic review.

Methods: We gathered articles from PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar up to October 28, 2021. We included articles that were in English, were observational, and had PR examined as exposure. The CVD outcomes were either clinical or metabolic outcomes (i.e., dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes).

Results: Our literature search identified 3,800 studies, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. Of them, seven were longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional, and 13 were on adults and four on children. The exposure assessment was heterogeneous, i.e., 12 studies used different kinds of self-administered questionnaires and five used interviews with a psychologist. Regarding outcomes, five studies investigated CVD, seven obesity, one metabolic syndrome, two hypertension, four dyslipidemia, and four diabetes. In longitudinal studies, PR was found to have an inverse association with included outcomes in five studies from the Swedish military conscription cohort but had no association with CVD in a study on African-American women and was associated with slower progression of diabetes in a general population. The cross-sectional studies showed that the prevalence of disease was not associated with PR in many cases but the progression of disease was associated with PR.

Conclusion: PR seems to have a possibly favorable association with CVD and metabolic disturbances that differs according to the type of outcome and population. Our study limitations are given by the small number of studies available and the heterogeneity in PR measurement.

Systematic review registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=237109], identifier [CRD42021237109].

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; hardiness; metabolic disturbance; psychological resilience; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram. *, **More information on excluded articles is present in Supplementary Table 7.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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