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. 2022 Feb 24:9:829825.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.829825. eCollection 2022.

Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stenotic Blood Flow Disturbance in Canine Femoral Artery Stenosis Model: An Early Experience With Vector Flow Imaging

Rui Zhao  1 , Haining Zheng  1 , Wei Wang  2 , Yigang Du  3 , Yisha Tong  4 , Chaoyang Wen  1
Affiliations

Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stenotic Blood Flow Disturbance in Canine Femoral Artery Stenosis Model: An Early Experience With Vector Flow Imaging

Rui Zhao et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the value of Vector Flow Imaging (V Flow) in the assessment of post-stenotic turbulence in the canine arterial stenosis model.

Materials and methods: Canine femoral artery stenosis models were established using ameroid constrictors in 12 beagle dogs. 50% and then 70% femoral artery stenoses were confirmed by selective femoral artery angiography. V Flow was used to measure femoral artery flow turbulence index (Tur) preoperatively as a baseline. After establishing of a 50% and then 70% stenoses, the Tur indices were recorded in the femoral artery at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 mm distal to the stenosis.

Results: Baseline Tur indices of normal canine femoral arteries were <1% in 11 of 12 cases (91.7%). Distal to a 50% stenosis, the Tur index (>1%) was recorded in 83.3-100% cases between 1 and 9 mm, 41.7-58.3% between 11 and 17 mm, and 16.7% at 19 mm. For a 70% stenosis, the Tur index (>1%) occurred in 81.8-100% cases between 1 and 17 mm distal to the stenosis, and 63.6% at 19 mm. The Tur index peaked around 7 mm or 2.3 times of the initial vessel diameter (3 mm) downstream for a 50% stenosis and 11 mm or 3.7 times of vessel diameter downstream for a 70% stenosis.

Conclusion: V Flow with Tur index measurement adds quantitative information of post-stenotic turbulence when assessing an arterial stenosis with ultrasound. Tur index of 1% seems a useful threshold for assessment of flow turbulence in this small sample study. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate the value of V Flow in clinical applications.

Keywords: Doppler; arterial stenosis; duplex ultrasound; femoral artery; post-stenotic turbulence; vector flow imaging.

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Conflict of interest statement

YD is employed by Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selective right femoral artery angiogram shows a canine femoral artery stenosis (50%).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vector flow imaging (V Flow) of a canine femoral artery.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Percentage of Tur indices (>1%) in relation to distances distal to a 50% stenosis (above) and a 70% stenosis (below) in 12 canine femoral arteries.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Tur index changes in relation to distance distal to a 50% stenosis in 12 canine femoral arteries.
Figure 5
Figure 5
V Flow ultrasound image of a canine femoral artery with post-stenotic segment spasm.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Tur index changes in relation to distance distal to a 70% stenosis in 12 canine femoral arteries.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Mean Tur index changes distal to a 50% stenosis (N = 12) and a 70% stenosis (N = 11) in canine femoral arteries (error bars represents standard deviation of the means).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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