[Evolution of epidemiology and management of acute coronary syndromes in Abidjan : A cross-sectional study of 1011 patients]

Abstract

Background: To assess the evolution of the epidemiology and management of patients hospitalized to Abidjan Heart Institute for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: Cross-sectional study comparing two periods: from January 2002 to December 2009 (period 1) and from January 2010 to December 2016 (period 2), including all patients aged 18 years old, admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Abidjan Heart Institute for ACS.

Results: One thousand eleven (1011) patients were included among the 6784 patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit of Abidjan Heart Institute for a cardiovascular disease. The overall prevalence of ACS was 14.9%. The prevalence in period 2 was significantly higher than in period 1 (22.6% and 7.3% respectively, p < 0.001). Diabetes (33.5%, p < 0.001) significantly, and smoking (30.7%, p = 0.30) had the largest rises from period 1 to period 2. ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction was the main clinical presentation during both periods. The median time to treatment (p = 0.46) and length of hospital stay (p <0.001) decreased during period 2. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 173 patients (22.6%) during the period 2 and 42 patients (5.5%) underwent primary PCI. The rate of fibrinolysis increased significantly between the two periods (9.5%, p <0.001). In-hospital death increased during period 2 (10.4%, p = 0.07).

Conclusion: The burden of ACS and its related mortality have risen alarmingly past years in Côte d'Ivoire. Healthcare policies should help improve the management and outcomes of patients.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Côte d'Ivoire; Epidemiology; Epidémiologie; Mortality; Mortalité; Syndrome coronarien aigu.