Differences between pediatric and adult atopic dermatitis

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. AD can manifest differently in adults than children. Core AD features are similar between children and adults overall, including lesions affecting flexural areas, presence of atopy, and xerosis. Adults have more signs of chronic disease, higher prevalence and different patterns of hand eczema, and a stronger relationship of disease activity with emotional factors, whereas children with AD have more exudative lesions, perifollicular accentuation, pityriasis alba, Dennie-Morgan folds, and seborrheic dermatitis-like presentation. These differences may be due in part to pathophysiologic differences in AD in children compared with adults. Atopic diseases commonly co-occur with AD, although most do not temporally have the "atopic march." Further research is warranted to better understand the differential roles of immune dysregulation, epidermal-barrier disruption, and dysbiosis between children and adults and determine whether such differences translate into differences in therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords: adult; asthma; atopic dermatitis; child; chronic disease; eczema; food hypersensitivity; humans; inflammation; microbiota; rhinitis, allergic.