Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar 10:15:195-203.
doi: 10.2147/PGPM.S345797. eCollection 2022.

Drug Resistance to HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Among Treatment-Naive Patients in Beijing, China

Fengting Yu #  1   2 , Qun Li #  1   2 , Linghang Wang  1   2 , Hongxin Zhao  1   2 , Hao Wu  3 , Siyuan Yang  1   2 , Yunxia Tang  1   2 , Jiang Xiao  1   2 , Fujie Zhang  1   2
Affiliations

Drug Resistance to HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors Among Treatment-Naive Patients in Beijing, China

Fengting Yu et al. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. .

Abstract

Introduction: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are important drugs that are currently used as the first line treatment for HIV-1 patients. The aim of this study was to characterize HIV-1 INSTI mutations among ART-naive patients in Beijing from 2019-2021.

Methods: 865 ART-naive patients were enrolled in this study between January 2019 and June 2021 in Beijing. The amplification of the entire pol gene containing the reverse transcriptase, protease and integrase regions was performed using a validated In-house SBS method. HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were determined using the COMET online tool (http://comet.retrovirology.lu). Stanford HIV-1 drug resistance database (HIVdb version 8.9) was used to analyze the mutations.

Results: 865 HIV-1 pol sequences were successfully amplified and sequenced. Among them, no major INSTI-related mutations were identified, but 12 polymorphic accessory mutations were found. Two patients have E138A and G163R mutations respectively and both could cause low-level resistance to RAL and EVG. Furthermore, one patient having S230R mutation resulted in low-level resistance to RAL, EVG, DTG and BIC.

Conclusion: The prevalence of INSTIs mutations remains low, which demonstrated that INSTIs have good applicability currently in our city. Nevertheless, it is very important to monitor the INSTI-related mutations in Beijing.

Keywords: Beijing; HIV-1; genotype; integrase strand transfer inhibitor; pre-treatment drug resistance mutation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of HIV-1 genotypes among 865 HIV-1 treatment naïve patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequency of NRTI, NNRTI, PI and IN mutations among 865 HIV-1 treatment naïve patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
% of all categories of DRMs in different years.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Interpretation results of NGS on drug resistance.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Sterne JAC, Hernán MA, Ledergerber B, et al. Long-term effectiveness of potent antiretroviral therapy in preventing AIDS and death: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2005;366(9483):378–384. - PubMed
    1. Zhao Y, Zhang M, Shi CX, et al. Mortality and virological failure among HIV-infected people who inject drugs on antiretroviral treatment in China: an observational cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;170:189–197. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Godfrey C, Bobkova M, Boucher C, et al. Regional challenges in the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance. J Infect Dis. 2017;216(suppl_9):S816–S819. - PMC - PubMed
    1. World Health Organization. HIV Drug Resistance Report 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
    1. World Health Organization. HIV Drug Resistance Report 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.