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Review
. 2022 Mar 4:10:865214.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.865214. eCollection 2022.

Seed-Mediated, Shape-Controlled Synthesis Methods for Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction-A Mini Review

Daisy E Gray  1 , Tasnim Munshi  1 , Ian J Scowen  1 , Dan J L Brett  2 , Guanjie He  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Seed-Mediated, Shape-Controlled Synthesis Methods for Platinum-Based Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction-A Mini Review

Daisy E Gray et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Overcoming the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode of the hydrogen fuel cells requires the use of electrocatalysts containing expensive and scare platinum to achieve reasonable performance, hampering widespread use of the technology due to high material costs and sustainability issues. One option available to tackle this issue is to use new designs to create nanomaterials which achieve excellent electrocatalytic performances and long-lasting stabilities whilst using less platinum than is currently required. Reliably producing nanomaterials with predictable activities and stabilities using simple, safe, and scalable methods is an important research topic to the advancement of fuel cell technologies. The oxygen reduction reaction occurs at the surface of electrocatalytic materials, and since nanomaterial structures exhibit different catalytic activities, their shapes have a strong relationship to the final performance. Seed-mediated synthesis can be used to control the shape of materials with the aim of obtaining products with the most desirable surface properties for the ORR. This review summarized the current advancement of the synthesis of platinum-based ORR and provided the insights for the future development of this field.

Keywords: electrocatalysts; hydrogen fuel cell; oxygen reduction reaction; platinum; seed-mediated; shapecontrolled.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
(A) Illustration of the general procedure of seed-mediated synthesis to produce different nanocrystal shapes, (B) Illustration of platinum’s face centred cubic lattice and its {100}, {110}, and {111} facets.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) Change in onset potential of Au@Pt CCB NCs with increasing platinum precursor amount (10), (B) Change in ECSAs of PtNi-6, PtNi(Mo)-7, and PtNi(Mo)-14 after 10,800 cycles of accelerated stress testing (17), (C) Comparison of specific and mass activities of Pt Black, Pd@Pd(111)Ths, and Pd@Pt(111)TOhs (13), (D) Comparison of mass and specific activities of spherical and octahedral Pt/C (16), (E) Percent of ECSA retained after accelerated stress testing for commercial Pt/C, Pd@Pt icosahedra/C and Pd@Pt-Ir Icosahedra/C (18).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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