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. 2022 Mar 4:10:825541.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.825541. eCollection 2022.

Trends in the Incidence and DALYs of Urolithiasis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Shasha Li  1   2 , Xueying Huang  1   2 , Jie Liu  1   2 , Suru Yue  1   2 , Xuefei Hou  1   2 , Liren Hu  1   2 , Jiayuan Wu  1   2
Affiliations

Trends in the Incidence and DALYs of Urolithiasis From 1990 to 2019: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Shasha Li et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the estimated burden and trend of urolithiasis at the global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of the incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of urolithiasis from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to quantify the temporal trends in urolithiasis burden.

Results: In 2019, the ASRs of the incidence and DALYs were 1,394.03/100,000 and 7.35/100,000, respectively. The ASRs of the incidence and DALYs of urolithiasis decreased from 1990 to 2019 with EAPCs of -0.83 and -1.77, respectively. Males had a higher burden of urolithiasis than females. In 2019, the highest burden of urolithiasis was observed in regions with high-middle sociodemographic index (SDI), particularly in Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. The burden of urolithiasis increased in most countries or territories. The burden of urolithiasis and SDI had a non-linear relationship, and the estimated value of urolithiasis burden was the highest when the SDI value was ~0.7.

Conclusion: Globally, the ASRs of the incidence and DALYs of urolithiasis decreased from 1990 to 2019, but an increasing trend was observed among many countries. More effective and appropriate medical and health policies are needed to prevent and early intervene in urolithiasis.

Keywords: Global Burden of Disease (GBD); disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); incidence; secular trend; urolithiasis (urinary stones).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The EAPC of age-standardized incidence and DALYs rates of urolithisis at the global and regional levels.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The age-standardized incidence rate (A) and DALYs rate (B) of urolithiasis of different age groups globally. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The global burden of urolithiasis in 204 countries or territories. (A) The age-standardized incidence rate of urolithiasis in 2019. (B) The EAPC of age-standardized prevalence rate of urolithiasis from 1990 to 2019. Countries with an extreme number of cases/evolution were annotated. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The global burden of urolithiasis in 204 countries or territories. (A) The age-standardized DALYs rate of urolithiasis in 2019. (B) The EAPC of age-standardized DALYs rate of urolithiasis from 1990 to 2019. Countries with an extreme number of cases/evolution were annotated. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Age-standardized rates of incidence (A) and DALYs (B) for urolithiasis by SDI, 1990–2019, and expected value-based SDI. Age-standardized rates are plotted for 21 geographic regions between 1990 and 2019 against their SDIs. Points in each line from left to right represents the values from 1990 to 2019. The black line represents the average expected relationship between SDI and incidence (A) or DALYs (B) for urolithiasis based on values from all countries over the 1990–2019 estimation period. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Correlation between the EAPC of age-standardized incidence rates and the age-standardized prevalence rates in 1990 (A); the EAPC of age-standardized incidence rates and the HDIs in 2019 (B); the EAPC of age-standardized DALY rates and the age-standardized DALY rates in 1990 (C); and the EAPC of age-standardized DALY rates and the HDIs in 2019 (D). The size of circle represents the age-standardized rates of incidence or DALYs in this country or territory in 2019. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; HDI, human development index.
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