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Review
. 2022 Mar 9:2022:4708527.
doi: 10.1155/2022/4708527. eCollection 2022.

Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals

Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari  1   2 , Razie Mirjalili  1   2 , Hooman Khoshhal  1   2 , Elahe Shokouh  1   2 , Mohanna Khandan  1   2 , Elham Hasheminasabgorji  3 , Ali Hafezi-Moghadam  4   5 , Abouzar Bagheri  3
Affiliations
Review

Nature against Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review on Antiangiogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals

Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. .

Abstract

Background and Purpose. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperglycemia, and hypertension can result in diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a major cause of blindness on a global scale. Development of DR is associated with decreased endothelial cells, increased basal membrane thickness, permeation of the retinal blood barrier, and neovascularization in patients. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the findings regarding applications of phytochemicals for DR treatment and could be a beneficial resource for further clinical studies and also a basis for pharmaceutical purposes for drug design. Materials and Methods. A narrative literature review was performed from electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to analyze the effects of different phytochemicals to prevent or treat oxidation, angiogenesis, and inflammation in diabetic retinopathy. The inclusion criteria were original studies, which included the effects of different phytochemicals on diabetic retinopathy. The exclusion criteria included studies other than original articles, studies which assessed the effects of phytochemicals on nondiabetic retinopathy, and studies which used phytochemical-rich extracts. Results and Conclusions. Studies have shown that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenic, and oxidative stress factors are involved in the progression and pathogenesis of DR. Therefore, phytochemicals with their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and antioxidant properties can prevent DR progression and retinal damage through various cellular mechanisms. It is also shown that some phytochemicals can simultaneously affect the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis in DR.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
An insight into the molecular mechanism of angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Simultaneous and individual effects of phytochemicals on angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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