Parenting Stress Among Adolescent Mothers: An Integrative Literature Review

Abstract

Adverse maternal and child outcomes are associated with parenting stress. Adolescent mothers may be particularly susceptible to parenting stress because of conflicting parenting and developmental demands. We performed an integrative literature review to identify risk and protective factors for parenting stress, measured by the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), among adolescent mothers. Guided by Belsky's Determinants of Parenting Model (1984) and using Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) five-stage review method, we searched CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE databases to identify 786 research articles. After quality appraisal, 26 articles were included. Risk and protective factors were categorized into themes within the context of Belsky's framework, including maternal attributes (e.g. maternal self-efficacy), child characteristics (e.g. child temperament), and contextual influences (e.g. perceived social support). The new conceptual model maps risks, protective factors, and nuanced areas for parenting stress and can guide researchers and clinicians in approaches to prevent and reduce parenting stress among adolescent mothers.

Keywords: Adolescent mothers; Integrative review; Parenting stress; Parenting stress index (PSI).

Figure 1. Literature search strategy

From: Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., & The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed1000097

Figure 2

Parenting Stress in Adolescent Mothers Conceptual Model