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. 2022 Jun:30:100379.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhlste.2022.100379. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Realtime online courses mutated amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical study in hospitality program

Kang-Lin Peng  1 , Pearl M C Lin  2 , Jusi Xu  3 , Xin Wang  1
Affiliations

Realtime online courses mutated amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical study in hospitality program

Kang-Lin Peng et al. J Hosp Leis Sport Tour Educ. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Real-time online courses (RTOCs), a new online learning mode, have been developed because of a longitudinal suspension of classes amid the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. We explore an information model to review the learning process and outcomes of RTOCs, which conducted educational activities via social media. Results show that social media can be a potent mediation factor with the moderation of structural differentiation to facilitate online learning outcomes. Conclusions imply that the life-changing impact of COVID-19 has caused an evolutionary online education mode that can be hybridized with face-to-face education and massive open online courses to flourish education approaches and pedagogies.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Education mutation; Hybrid-learning; Information entropy; Real-time online courses.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The intervention model of RTOCs.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The testing model. Note. Values represent standardized regression coefficients. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Relationship between information and learning outcome at different levels of structural differentiation.
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