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. 2022 Mar 22;23(1):115.
doi: 10.1186/s12882-022-02739-1.

Associations between dietary patterns and stages of chronic kidney disease

Hsin-I Lin #  1 , Hui-Ming Chen #  2   3 , Chien-Chin Hsu  4   5 , Hung-Jung Lin  4   6 , Jhi-Joung Wang  7   8 , Shih-Feng Weng  2   9   10   11 , Yuan Kao  12   13 , Chien-Cheng Huang  14   15
Affiliations

Associations between dietary patterns and stages of chronic kidney disease

Hsin-I Lin et al. BMC Nephrol. .

Abstract

Background: Studies have revealed that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have dietary patterns different from those of the general population. However, no studies have compared the dietary patterns of between patients with early-stages (stages 1-3a) and late-stages (stages 3b-5) of CKD. Our objective was to investigate the associations between dietary patterns in early and late-stage CKD.

Methods: We analyzed 4480 participants with CKD at various stages based on the data recorded between 2007 and 2016 from the database of the American National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results: In total, 3683 and 797 participants had early and late-stage CKD, respectively. Through principal components analysis, the dietary intake dimension was reduced from 63 variables to 3 dietary patterns. We adopted logistic regression for analysis. The three dietary patterns are as follows: (1) saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA); (2) vitamins and minerals; and (3) cholesterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). These 3 patterns explained > 50% of dietary nutrient intake. Results indicated that among participants with dietary patterns 2 (vitamins and minerals) and 3 (cholesterols and PUFA), those with low intakes were more likely to have late-stage CKD. The odds ratios for patterns 2 and 3 were 1.74 (95% CI: 1.21-2.50) and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.13-2.43), respectively.

Conclusions: This study revealed that intakes of vitamins and minerals and cholesterols and PUFA were associated with the stages of CKD.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Dietary pattern; Nutrient intake; Stage.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart of the screening process for the selection of eligible participants
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The value of varimax rotated factor pattern of three factors by PCA in different CKD stages. PCA, principal component analysis; CKD, chronic kidney disease
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The changes of dietary patterns habits over time for any CKD stage, at distant time-points (2007 vs. 2016). CKD, chronic kidney disease
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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