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. 2022 Mar 22;22(1):303.
doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09373-y.

Disparities in healthcare expenditures according to economic status in cancer patients undergoing end-of-life care

Kyu-Tae Han #  1 , Woorim Kim #  1 , Seungju Kim  2
Affiliations

Disparities in healthcare expenditures according to economic status in cancer patients undergoing end-of-life care

Kyu-Tae Han et al. BMC Cancer. .

Abstract

Backgrounds: A desire for better outcome influences cancer patients' willingness to pay. Whilst cancer-related costs are known to have a u-shaped distribution, the actual level of healthcare utilized by patients may vary depending on income and ability to pay. This study examined patterns of healthcare expenditures in the last year of life in patients with gastric, colorectal, lung, and liver cancer and analyzed whether differences exist in the level of end-of-life costs for cancer care according to economic status.

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort study which used data from the Korean National Elderly Sampled Cohort, 2002 to 2015. End-of-life was defined as 1 year before death. Economic status was classified into three categorical variables according to the level of insurance premium (quantiles). The relationship between the dependent and independent variables were analyzed using multiple gamma regression based on the generalized estimated equation (GEE) model.

Results: This study included 3083 cancer patients, in which total healthcare expenditure was highest in the high-income group. End-of-life costs increased the most in the last 3 months of life. Compared to individuals in the 'middle' economic status group, those in the 'high' economic status group (RR 1.095, 95% CI 1.044-1.149) were likely to spend higher amounts. The percentage of individuals visiting a general hospital was highest in the 'high' economic status group, followed by the 'middle' and 'low' economic status groups.

Conclusion: Healthcare costs for cancer care increased at end-of-life in Korea. Patients of higher economic status tended to spender higher amounts of end-of-life costs for cancer care. Further in-depth studies are needed considering that end-of-life medical costs constitute a large proportion of overall expenditures. This study offers insight by showing that expenditures for cancer care tend to increase noticeably in the last 3 months of life and that differences exist in the amount spent according economic status.

Keywords: Cancer patients; Economic status; End-of-life; Healthcare disparities; Healthcare expenditure.

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Conflict of interest statement

N/A

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Average level of monthly healthcare expenditure at end-of-life and differences in expenditure according to economic status
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Type of medical institutions most visited according to the end-of-life period and economic status
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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