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. 2022 Aug;25(8):2043-2055.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980022000702. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Evaluation and prioritisation of actions on food environments to address the double burden of malnutrition in Senegal: perspectives from a national expert panel

Julien Soliba Manga  1   2 , Adama Diouf  3 , Stefanie Vandevijvere  4 , Maty Diagne  1 , Komlan Kwadjode  5 , Nicole Dossou  3 , El Hadji Momar Thiam  6 , Ndeye Fatou Ndiaye  7 , Jean-Claude Moubarac  2
Affiliations

Evaluation and prioritisation of actions on food environments to address the double burden of malnutrition in Senegal: perspectives from a national expert panel

Julien Soliba Manga et al. Public Health Nutr. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the extent of implementation of public policies aimed at creating healthy eating environments in Senegal compared to international best practice and identity priority actions to address the double burden of malnutrition.

Design: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was used by a local expert panel to assess the level of implementation of forty-three good practice policy and infrastructure support indicators against international best practices using a Likert scale and identify priority actions to address the double burden of malnutrition in Senegal.

Setting: Senegal, West Africa.

Participants: A national group of independent experts from academia, civil society, non-governmental organisations and United Nations bodies (n =15) and a group of government experts from various ministries (n =16) participated in the study.

Results: Implementation of most indicators aimed at creating healthy eating environments were rated as 'low' compared to best practice (31 on 43, or 72 %). The Gwet AC2 inter-rater reliability was good at 0·75 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·80). In a prioritisation workshop, experts identified forty-five actions, prioritising ten as relatively most feasible and important and relatively most effective to reduce the double burden of malnutrition in Senegal (e.g. develop and implement regional school menus based on local products (expand to fourteen regions) and measure the extent of the promotion of unhealthy foods to children).

Conclusions: Significant efforts remain to be made by Senegal to improve food environments. This project allowed to establish an agenda of priority actions for the government to transform food environments in Senegal to tackle the double burden of malnutrition.

Keywords: Evaluation; Government actions; Healthy food environments; Policy index; Public policy.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Components, domains and indicators (n 43) of Food-EPI tool used in Senegal
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Process for assessing the level of implementation of government policies and infrastructures on food environments based on international best practices using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI)(13)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Level of implementation of policies compared to international best practices for 43 Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) indicators within 7 policy and 6 infrastructure support domains
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Importance, achievability and effect on the double burden of malnutrition of policy actions for the Senegalese government according to expert scores, and the Food-EPI domains which the policy falls within, Food-EPI Senegal, 2019. Detailed descriptions of proposed policy actions can be found in Table 3. DBM, double burden of malnutrition
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Importance, achievability and effect on the double burden of malnutrition of infrastructure support actions for the Senegalese government according to expert scores, and the Food-EPI domains which the policy falls, Food-EPI Senegal, 2019. Details descriptions of proposed infrastructure actions can be found in Table 4. DBM, double burden of malnutrition
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References

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