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. 2022 Feb 24;13(3):225.
doi: 10.3390/insects13030225.

Analysis of the Humoral Immunal Response Transcriptome of Ectropis obliqua Infected by Beauveria bassiana

Yanhua Long  1 , Tian Gao  2 , Song Liu  2 , Yong Zhang  1 , Xiayu Li  1 , Linlin Zhou  1 , Qingqing Su  1 , Letian Xu  3 , Yunqiu Yang  2
Affiliations

Analysis of the Humoral Immunal Response Transcriptome of Ectropis obliqua Infected by Beauveria bassiana

Yanhua Long et al. Insects. .

Abstract

Ectropis obliqua is a destructive masticatory pest in China's tea gardens. Beauveria bassiana as microbial insecticides can effectively control E. obliqua larvae; however, the immune response of this insect infected by B. bassiana are largely unknown. Here, after isolating a highly virulent strain of B. bassiana from E. obliqua, the changes in gene expression among different tissues, including hemocytes and fat bodies, of E. obliqua larvae infected by the entomopathogen were investigated using transcriptome sequencing. A total of 5877 co-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in hemocytes and fat bodies, of which 5826 were up-regulated in hemocytes and 5784 were up-regulated in fat bodies. We identified 249 immunity-related genes, including pattern recognition receptors, immune effectors, signal modulators, and members of immune pathways. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis confirmed that several pattern recognition receptors were upregulated in hemocytes and fat bodies; however, others were downregulated. The investigated immune effectors (ATT and PPO-1) were suppressed. The results showed that there were tissue differences in the expression of immune genes. This study provides a large number of immunity-related gene sequences from E. obliqua after being infected by B. bassiana, furthering the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of E. obliqua defenses against B. bassiana.

Keywords: Beauveria bassiana; Ectropis obliqua; fat body tissues; hemocytes; immunity-related genes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Construction of phylogenetic tree (Neighbour-Joining method; ◊ represent one B. bassiana strain isolated in this study; AB470842 Diaporthe vaccinii as outgroup).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Effects of injection on the survival rate of E. obliqua larvae. (B) Different phenotypes of the E. oblique larvae infected with B. bassiana and Tween 80.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Venn diagram of the statistics of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between fat body and hemocyte in B. bassiana- and Tween 80-treated E. oblique larvae.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Gene ontology (GO) annotation of DEGs in the E. oblique transcriptome.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hierarchical clustering analysis of mutual DEGs in fat body and hemocytes of E. oblique larvae.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Functional classification of DEGs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Distribution of E. oblique immunity-related genes in the categories of pathogen recognition, signal modulation, signal transduction (Toll, IMD, JNK, and JAK/STAT pathways), and immune.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The immunity-related DETs in hemocytes and fat body after B. bassiana infection.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the E. oblique immunity-related gene expression in hemocytes and fat body after B. bassiana (48 h) injection. β-actin was used as an internal reference gene. The data is represented as the mean ± S.D. (n = 3). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. ns: no significance.
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