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. 2022 Mar 4;12(3):297.
doi: 10.3390/membranes12030297.

Structure, Morphology, and Permeability of Cellulose Films

Igor S Makarov  1 , Lyudmila K Golova  1 , Galina N Bondarenko  1 , Tatyana S Anokhina  1 , Evgenia S Dmitrieva  1 , Ivan S Levin  1 , Valentina E Makhatova  2 , Nazym Zh Galimova  2 , Gulbarshin K Shambilova  2
Affiliations

Structure, Morphology, and Permeability of Cellulose Films

Igor S Makarov et al. Membranes (Basel). .

Abstract

The work is focused on the study of the influence of the cellulose type and processing parameters on the structure, morphology, and permeability of cellulose films. The free volume of the cellulose films was evaluated by the sorption of n-decane, which is a non-solvent for cellulose. The structural features of the membranes and their morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM methods. The characteristic features of the porous structure and properties of cellulose films regenerated from cellulose solutions in the N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and cellophane films were compared. Generally, cellulose films obtained from solutions in NMMO have a higher permeability and a lower rejection (as measured using Orange II dye) as compared to cellophane films. It was also found that the cellulose films have a higher ultimate strength and modulus, whereas the cellophane films are characterized by higher elongation at break.

Keywords: N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; biobased membrane; cellophane; cellulose; permeability; rejection; structure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diffractograms of the initial cellulose film C-1 (1) and lyocell-type film LF-1 (2).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of IR-spectra for dry films C-1 (a) 1 and LF-1 (a) 2 and dry LF-1 film (b) 1 and after swelling in water (b) 2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM microphotographs of LF-1 and C-1 films: (a,b) are cross-sections of LF-1, (c) is surface layer of LF-1, (d,e) are cross-sections of C-1.
Figure 4
Figure 4
AFM images of the surface of films C-1 (a) and LF-1 (b).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The scheme of morphology and porous structure of cellulose films prepared by MMO-process: A—crystallites, B—amorphous regions, C—strands, D—clusters, and E—pores.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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