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. 2022 Mar 21;9(3):147.
doi: 10.3390/vetsci9030147.

Electromagnetic Force-Driven Needle-Free in Ovo Injection Device

Ko-Jung Huang  1 , Cheng-Han Li  1 , Ping-Kun Tsai  1 , Chia-Chun Lai  1 , Yu-Ren Kuo  1 , Ming-Kun Hsieh  2 , Ching-Wei Cheng  3
Affiliations

Electromagnetic Force-Driven Needle-Free in Ovo Injection Device

Ko-Jung Huang et al. Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Needle-free injections are mainly used for administering human or mammalian vaccines or drugs. However, poultry vaccines, in ovo injections to embryos, subcutaneous injections to chickens, and intramuscular injections are administered using needle injections. This article presents a new needle-free in ovo injection device method that uses push-pull solenoids to eject liquid jets, mainly for embryonic eggs of chickens. Furthermore, our study investigated the suitable jet pressures for using this method and the post-injection hatching rates in 18-day-old embryonic eggs. Using this method, we could deliver the liquid to the allantoic and amniotic cavities or the muscle tissue through the egg membrane of the air chamber using a jet pressure of ~6-7 MPa or ~8 MPa. After injecting 0.25 mL of 0.9% saline into 18-day-old Lohmann breed layer embryonic eggs and specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonic eggs at a jet pressure of ~7 MPa, we observed hatching rates of 98.3% and 85.7%, respectively. This study's electromagnetic needle-free in ovo injection device can apply vaccine or nutrient solution injection for embryo eggs and serve as a reference for future studies on needle-free in ovo injection automation systems, jet pressure control, and injection pretreatment processes.

Keywords: embryonic egg; in ovo; injection device; needle-free.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The injection device (a) Electromagnetic needle-free in ovo injection device (b) Circuit diagram of the electromagnetic needle-free in ovo injection device.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Needle-free in ovo injection procedure of embryonic eggs on day 18.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Simulated injection results (a) Spatial relations within an embryonated chicken egg; (b) 5 MPa needleless injection: the ink did not penetrate the inner egg membrane. (c) 6 MPa and (d) 7 MPa: blue pigment passed through the egg membrane, staining the surface of the chicken embryo. (e) 8 MPa: blue pigment has been injected into the muscle tissue of the chicken embryo.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Height distribution map of air chambers in 300 18-day-old Lohmann eggs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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