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. 2022 Mar 2;10(3):584.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10030584.

Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018

Kyungchul Song  1 , Goeun Park  2 , Hye Sun Lee  2 , Myeongseob Lee  1 , Hae In Lee  1 , Jungmin Ahn  1   3 , Eunbyoul Lee  1   4 , Han Saem Choi  1 , Junghwan Suh  1 , Ahreum Kwon  1 , Ho-Seong Kim  1 , Hyun Wook Chae  1
Affiliations

Trends in Prediabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Abdominal Obesity among Korean Children and Adolescents: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2009 and 2018

Kyungchul Song et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Investigations on the trends of prediabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children are scarce. We aimed to analyze the trends of prediabetes and NAFLD, as well as their association, among Korean children and adolescents from 2009 to 2018. This study investigated the prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity among 6327 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) using a nationally representative survey. The prevalence of prediabetes, NAFLD, and abdominal obesity increased from 5.14%, 8.17%, and 5.97% respectively, in 2009 to 10.46%, 12.05%, and 10.51% respectively, in 2018. In age-specific analyses, an adverse trend in NAFLD was significant only in participants aged 16-18 years while the prevalence of prediabetes worsened significantly in all age groups. In BMI-specific analyses, the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD increased significantly only in participants with normal BMI. In logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of prediabetes for NAFLD was 1.85 and those of abdominal obesity for prediabetes and NAFLD was 1.85 and 9.34, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD was increasing in association with abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents.

Keywords: adolescent; child; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; prediabetic state; prevalence; trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Design and flowchart of study population. KNHANES: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Trends of the prevalence of prediabetes and NAFLD among Korean children and adolescents between 2009 and 2018. Linear trend analysis was performed using coefficients of orthogonal polynomials to calculate p for trend. (A) The black solid line is the prevalence of prediabetes and the dashed line is the prevalence of NAFLD (B) The black narrow line is the prevalence of subjects with prediabetes and NAFLD. NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of prediabetes according to NAFLD and those of NAFLD according to prediabetes. (A) Prevalence of participants with prediabetes among those with NAFLD and non-NAFLD. The “black” bar represents the NAFLD group, whereas the “gray” bar represents the non-NAFLD group. (B) Prevalence of participants with NAFLD among those with prediabetes and normal glucose levels. The “black” bar represents the prediabetes group, whereas the “gray” bar represents the normal glucose group. The asterisk indicates the p-value of the independent two-sample t-test < 0.01. NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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