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. 2022 Mar 9;23(6):2940.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23062940.

The Study of Protein-Cyclitol Interactions

Tetiana Dyrda-Terniuk  1   2 , Mateusz Sugajski  1   2 , Oleksandra Pryshchepa  1   2 , Joanna Śliwiak  3 , Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta  4 , Paweł Pomastowski  2 , Bogusław Buszewski  1   2
Affiliations

The Study of Protein-Cyclitol Interactions

Tetiana Dyrda-Terniuk et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Investigation of interactions between the target protein molecule and ligand allows for an understanding of the nature of the molecular recognition, functions, and biological activity of protein-ligand complexation. In the present work, non-specific interactions between a model protein (Bovine Serum Albumin) and four cyclitols were investigated. D-sorbitol and adonitol represent the group of linear-structure cyclitols, while shikimic acid and D-(-)-quinic acid have cyclic-structure molecules. Various analytical methods, including chromatographic analysis (HPLC-MS/MS), electrophoretic analysis (SDS-PAGE), spectroscopic analysis (spectrofluorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), were applied for the description of protein-cyclitol interactions. Additionally, computational calculations were performed to predict the possible binding places. Kinetic studies allowed us to clarify interaction mechanisms that may take place during BSA and cyclitol interaction. The results allow us, among other things, to evaluate the impact of the cyclitol's structure on the character of its interactions with the protein.

Keywords: BSA; bonding; cyclitol; interactions; mechanism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SDS-PAGE electropherogram: 1, BlueStar Plus Prestained Protein Marker; 2, BSA (control); 3, BSA/D-sorbitol; 4, BSA/adonitol; 5, BSA/shikimic acid; 6, BSA/D-(–)-quinic acid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Zero-order kinetic model of protein–cyclitol interactions (at the 1:10 molar ratio): (A) BSA–adonitol; (B) BSA–D-(–)-quinic acid; (C) BSA–D-sorbitol; (D) BSA–shikimic acid.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion model of cyclitol sorption: (A) D-sorbitol; (B) adonitol; (C) shikimic acid; (D) D-(–)-quinic acid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chromatograms of: (A) adonitol; (B) D-sorbitol; (C) shikimic acid; and (D) D-(–)-quinic acid (under the following conditions: stationary phase, column filled with BSA; mobile phase, water + 0.1% v/v FA).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The 3D-fluorescence spectra of: (A) BSA; (B) D-sorbitol–BSA complex; (C) Adonitol–BSA complex; (D) Shikimic acid–BSA complex; and (E) D-(–)-quinic acid–BSA complex.
Figure 6
Figure 6
FTIR spectra of BSA, the cyclitols, and their complexes (at a 1:10 molar ratio) in the range of 2000–950 cm−1: (A) D-sorbitol; (B) adonitol; (C) shikimic acid; (D) D-(–)-quinic acid.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Raman spectra of BSA, the cyclitols, and their complexes (at a 1:10 molar ratio) in the range of 1700–900 cm−1: (A) D-sorbitol; (B) adonitol; (C) shikimic acid; and (D) D-(–)-quinic acid.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The results of ITC measurements of (A) D-(–)-quinic acid–BSA; (B) D-sorbitol–BSA.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Potential binding sites of BSA with: (A) D-sorbitol; (C) adonitol; (B) shikimic acid; and (D) D-(–)-quinic acid.
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