Pneumocystis Colonization in Dogs Is as in Humans

Abstract

Pneumocystis is an atypical fungus that resides in the pulmonary parenchyma of many mammals, including humans and dogs. Immunocompetent human hosts are usually asymptomatically colonised or show subtle clinical signs, but some immunocompromised people can develop florid life-threatening Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). Since much less is known concerning Pneumocystis in dogs, we posit the question: can Pneumocystis colonization be present in dogs with inflammatory airway or lung disease caused by other pathogens or disease processes? In this study, Pneumocystis DNA was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 22/255 dogs (9%) with respiratory distress and/or chronic cough. Although young dogs (<1 year-of-age) and pedigree breeds were more often Pneumocystis-qPCR positive than older dogs and crossbreds, adult dogs with other infectious conditions and/or a history of therapy-resistant pulmonary disease could also be qPCR-positive, including two patients with suppression of the immune system. Absence of pathognomonic clinical or radiographic signs render it impossible to convincingly discriminate between overt PCP versus other lung/airway disease processes colonised by P. canis. It is possible that colonisation with P. canis might play a certain role as a co-pathogen in some canine patients with lower respiratory disease.

Keywords: Cavalier King Charles spaniel; Pneumocystis canis; bronchitis; canine; dog; pneumocystosis; pneumonia.

Figure A1

(A) Scree plot of the percentages of variance explained by each MCA dimensions (axes); (B) Biplot shows a global pattern within the data (individuals and variable categories): individuals are represented by blue points and variable categories by red triangles. 0 = Pneumocystis negative; 1 = Pneumocystis positive; pure = pure breed; mongrel= mixed breed; M = male; F = female. Number.

Figure 1

Details of overall canine cohort studied including list of breeds. Males and pedigree dogs were over-represented.