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. 2022 Mar 14;19(6):3433.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063433.

Sport Psychological Skill Factors and Scale Development for Taekwondo Athletes

Jung-Hoon Nam  1 , Eung-Joon Kim  2 , Eun-Hyung Cho  3
Affiliations

Sport Psychological Skill Factors and Scale Development for Taekwondo Athletes

Jung-Hoon Nam et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to identify the sport psychological skills of Taekwondo athletes and to develop a scale measuring such skills. We collected preliminary data using an open-ended online survey targeting Taekwondo athletes from nine countries (South Korea, China, Malaysia, United States, Spain, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, and Taiwan) who participated in international competitions between 2019 and 2020. We extracted participants' sport psychological skills from 75 survey responses, guided by expert meetings and a thorough literature review. We verified our Taekwondo psychological skill scale's construct validity using 840 survey responses. We utilized V coefficients, parallel analysis, an exploratory structural equation model, maximum likelihood, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for data analysis. We identified six core sport psychological skills: "goal setting," "confidence," "imagery," "self-talk," "fighting spirit," and "concentration." Our final measure, which demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity, comprises 18 items spanning 6 factors, with each item rated on a 3-point Likert scale.

Keywords: integrated validity; item response theory; sport psychological skill; taekwondo athletes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. Furthermore, the funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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