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. 2022 Mar 20;15(6):2306.
doi: 10.3390/ma15062306.

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Film Obtained by Er:YAG Pulsed Laser Deposition on Sandblasted Titanium: An In Vitro Study

Lin Ma  1 , Min Li  1 , Satoshi Komasa  1 , Sifan Yan  1 , Yuanyuan Yang  1 , Mariko Nishizaki  1 , Liji Chen  2 , Yuhao Zeng  1 , Xin Wang  1 , Ei Yamamoto  3 , Shigeki Hontsu  3 , Yoshiya Hashimoto  4 , Joji Okazaki  1
Affiliations

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Film Obtained by Er:YAG Pulsed Laser Deposition on Sandblasted Titanium: An In Vitro Study

Lin Ma et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The surface of titanium (Ti) dental implants must be modified to improve their applicability, owing to the biological inertness of Ti. This study aims to use sandblasting as a pretreatment method and prepare a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on Ti to improve its biocompatibility and induce bone bonding and osteogenesis. In this paper, sandblasted Ti discs were coated with α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) via Er:YAG pulsed laser deposition (Er:YAG-PLD). An HA coating was then obtained via the hydrothermal treatment of the discs at 90 °C for 10 h. The surface characteristics of the samples were evaluated by SEM, SPM, XPS, XRD, FTIR, and tensile tests. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the HA-coated discs to determine cellular responses in vitro. The surface characterization results indicated the successful transformation of the HA coating with a nanorod-like morphology, and its surface roughness increased. In vitro experiments revealed increased cell attachment on the HA-coated discs, as did the cell morphology of fluorescence staining and SEM analysis; in contrast, there was no increase in cell proliferation. This study confirms that Er:YAG-PLD could be used as an implant surface-modification technique to prepare HA coatings with a nanorod-like morphology on Ti discs.

Keywords: Er:YAG laser; hydroxyapatite coating; pulsed laser deposition; titanium implant.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The straightened C400F contact tip. (b) Gross appearances of the α-TCP coatings. (c) Fabrication procedure of the HA coating.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gross appearance of (a) Ti, (b) blast-Ti, (c) α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP)-Ti, and (d) hydroxyapatite (HA)-Ti discs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scanning electron micrographs of (a) Ti, (b) blast-Ti, (c) α-TCP-Ti, and (d)–(f) HA-Ti discs. (f) Magnification of the area marked by the yellow rectangle in (e).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scanning probe micrographs of (a) Ti, (b) blast-Ti, (c) α-TCP-Ti, and (d) HA-Ti discs. (e) Roughness (Ra) values of Ti, blast-Ti, α-TCP-Ti, and HA-Ti discs. The data shown are means ± SD (n = 3); * p < 0.05.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mapping (Ca, P, O) of the HA-Ti discs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of Ti, blast-Ti, α-TCP-Ti, and HA-Ti discs: (a) Wide-scan XPS of the material surfaces. (b) High-resolution spectra of Ca 2p. (c) High-resolution spectra of O 1s. (d) High-resolution spectra of P 2p.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) X-ray diffraction patterns of Ti, blast-Ti, α-TCP-Ti, and HA-Ti discs. (b) Magnification of the spectra of α-TCP-Ti (blue) and HA-Ti (green) marked by the black circle in (a).
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) FTIR spectrum of an HA-Ti disc. (b) Magnification of the spectrum marked by the blue rectangle in (a).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Stress–displacement curves for the deposited HA coating.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Cell attachment and proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on Ti, α-TCP-Ti, and HA-Ti discs (n = 3); * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Morphological analysis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached to (a) Ti, (b) α-TCP-Ti, and (c) HA-Ti discs after 24 h of culture. Actin filaments (green) were labeled with Alexa Fluor® 488, and nuclei (blue) were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.
Figure 12
Figure 12
SEM of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attached to (a) Ti, (b) α-TCP-Ti, and (c) HA-Ti discs after 24 h of culture. Higher magnification images of the area marked by the orange rectangular area in (c) clearly revealed the morphology and number of cellular pseudopods on HA-Ti (marked by red arrows).
Figure 13
Figure 13
The schematics for hydrolysis of α-TCP to HA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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