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. 2022 Mar 10;11(6):1531.
doi: 10.3390/jcm11061531.

Accelerated HF-rTMS Modifies SERT Availability in the Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Canine [11C]DASB Study on the Serotonergic System

Yangfeng Xu  1   2 , Mitchel Kappen  1 , Kathelijne Peremans  2 , Dimitri De Bundel  3 , Ann Van Eeckhaut  3 , Nick Van Laeken  4 , Filip De Vos  4 , Andre Dobbeleir  2 , Jimmy H Saunders  2 , Chris Baeken  1   5   6
Affiliations

Accelerated HF-rTMS Modifies SERT Availability in the Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Canine [11C]DASB Study on the Serotonergic System

Yangfeng Xu et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is thought to partly exert its antidepressant action through the serotonergic system. Accelerated rTMS may have the potential to result in similar but faster onset of clinical improvement compared to the classical daily rTMS protocols, but given that delayed clinical responses have been reported, the neurobiological effects of accelerated paradigms remain to be elucidated including on this neurotransmitter system. This sham-controlled study aimed to evaluate the effects of accelerated high frequency rTMS (aHF-rTMS) over the left frontal cortex on the serotonin transporter (SERT) in healthy beagle dogs. A total of twenty-two dogs were randomly divided into three unequal groups: five active stimulation sessions (five sessions in one day, n = 10), 20 active stimulation sessions (five sessions/day for four days, n = 8), and 20 sham stimulation sessions (five sessions/day for four days, n = 4). The SERT binding index (BI) was obtained at baseline, 24 h post stimulation protocol, one month, and three months post stimulation by a [11C]DASB PET scan. It was found that one day of active aHF-rTMS (five sessions) did not result in significant SERT BI changes at any time point. For the 20 sessions of active aHF-rTMS, one month after stimulation the SERT BI attenuated in the sgACC. No significant SERT BI changes were found after 20 sessions of sham aHF-rTMS. A total of four days of active aHF-rTMS modified sgACC SERT BI one month post-stimulation, explaining to some extent the delayed clinical effects of accelerated rTMS paradigms found in human psychopathologies.

Keywords: SERT; [11C]DASB; aHF-rTMS; canine brain; dopamine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Image procedure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Transversal (A), sagittal (B), and dorsal (C) fusion image ([11C]DASB PET scan and MRI). 1: right frontal cortex, 2: left frontal cortex, 3: right temporal cortex, 4: left temporal cortex, 5: right occipital cortex, 6: left occipital cortex, 7: right caudate nucleus, 8: left caudate nucleus, 9: presubgenual anterior cingulate cortex, 10: subgenual anterior cortex, 11: right hippocampus, 12: left hippocampus; 13: right parietal cortex, 14: left parietal cortex, 15: medulla oblongata, 16: pons, 17: midbrain, 18: left thalamus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Line plot for sgACC for both 5-sessions and 20-sessions treatment group at each individual time moment. SEs are displayed as error bars.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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