Cardiovascular Risk Perception and Knowledge among Italian Women: Lessons from IGENDA Protocol

Abstract

A multicenter, cross-sectional observational study (Italian GENder Differences in Awareness of Cardiovascular risk, IGENDA study) was carried out to evaluate the perception and knowledge of cardiovascular risk among Italian women. An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 4454 women (44.3 ± 14.1 years). The 70% of respondents correctly identified cardiovascular disease (CVD) as the leading cause of death. More than half of respondents quoted cancer as the greatest current and future health problem of women of same age. Sixty percent of interviewed women considered CVD as an almost exclusively male condition. Although respondents showed a good knowledge of the major cardiovascular risk factors, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors was not associated with higher odds of identifying CVD as the biggest cause of death. Less than 10% of respondents perceived themselves as being at high CVD risk, and the increased CVD risk perception was associated with ageing, higher frequency of cardiovascular risk factors and disease, and a poorer self-rated health status. The findings of this study highlight the low perception of cardiovascular risk in Italian women and suggest an urgent need to enhance knowledge and perception of CVD risk in women as a real health problem and not just as a as a life-threatening threat.

Keywords: awareness; cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk factors; knowledge; perception; women.

Figure 1

(a) Percentages of women who identified/did not identify CVD as the leading cause of death in Italy. (b) Percentage distribution of women who stated or excluded that CVD is an almost exclusively male condition.

Figure 2

Percent response to the multiple choice questions “What is the biggest health problem for people of your age and gender and what is the greatest danger to your health in the future?”.