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. 2022 Mar 11;12(3):440.
doi: 10.3390/jpm12030440.

Sex and Age Differences Modulate Association of Vitamin D with Serum Triglyceride Levels

Ying-Lien Cheng  1 , Ting-Wei Lee  1   2 , Ting-I Lee  1   2   3 , Yu-Hsun Kao  4   5 , Chih-Yin Wu  6 , Yi-Jen Chen  4   7   8
Affiliations

Sex and Age Differences Modulate Association of Vitamin D with Serum Triglyceride Levels

Ying-Lien Cheng et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

The sex and age differences in the relationship between vitamin D and lipid levels remain unclear. This retrospective study investigated the correlations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and various biomarkers, along with the sex and age differences in these associations, among 573 men and 436 women during physical check-ups. The mean age of the study population was 51.4 years, and 66% of people had serum 25(OH)D levels below 30 ng/mL. People aged over 65 years had higher 25(OH)D levels than those younger than 65 years, and women had lower 25(OH)D levels than men. Younger age (odds ratio (OR) per year = 1.044, 95% CI, 1.029−1.059, p < 0.0001), female sex (OR = 1.779, 95% CI, 1.149−2.755, p = 0.0097), and elevated serum triglyceride (TG) levels (OR per 1 mg/dL = 1.005, 95% CI, 1.002−1.007, p = 0.0002) were all independent risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with TG levels. The positive association between vitamin D deficiency and hypertriglyceridemia was significant in men (not in women) and in those aged between 50 and 65 years. In conclusion, younger individuals, women, and middle-aged men with hypertriglyceridemia are at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.

Keywords: age; lipid; risk factors; sex; triglyceride; vitamin D deficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlations between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and triglyceride (TG) levels in total study population. Increased serum TG levels were significantly associated with decreased 25(OH)D levels.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proportion of vitamin D deficiency in people with and without hypertriglyceridemia is modulated by sex and age. The rate of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels below 30 ng/mL in (A) men and women and (B) individuals aged younger and older than 65 years whose serum levels of triglycerides (TG) were greater or less than 200 mg/dL. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Proportion of vitamin D deficiency in people aged between 50 and 65 years or younger than 50 years with and without hypertriglyceridemia. The rate of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels below 30 ng/mL of individuals in total, men, and women aged between 50 and 65 years (A) and younger than 50 years (B) whose serum levels of triglycerides (TG) were greater or less than 200 mg/dL. * p < 0.05.
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