Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar 7:9:768138.
doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.768138. eCollection 2022.

A Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Among People With HIV

Maria L Alcaide  1 , Nicholas F Nogueira  1 , Ana S Salazar  1 , Emily K Montgomerie  1 , Violeta J Rodriguez  2 , Patricia D Raccamarich  1 , Irma T Barreto  1 , Angela McGaugh  3 , Mark E Sharkey  1 , Alejandro M Mantero  4 , Allan E Rodriguez  1 , Laura Beauchamps  1 , Deborah L Jones  2
Affiliations

A Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses Among People With HIV

Maria L Alcaide et al. Front Med (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: The concentration and duration of antibodies (Ab) to SARS-CoV-2 infection predicts the severity of the disease and the clinical outcomes. Older people and those with HIV have impaired immune responses, worse outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lower antibody responses after viral infection and vaccination. This study evaluated an Ab response to SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV (PWH) and without HIV (HIV-) and its association with age.

Methods: A total of 23 COVID+PWH and 21 COVID+HIV- participants were followed longitudinally for 6 months post-mild COVID-19. Immunoglobin G (IgG) and immunoglobin M (IgM) Ab responses were measured by an in-house developed ELISA. Time points and HIV status interaction were analyzed using Poisson generalized estimating equations, and correlations were analyzed using non-parametric tests.

Results: Median age in PWH was 55 years with 28.6% women, while in the HIV- group was 36 years with 60.9% women. The mean time from COVID-19 diagnosis to study enrollment was 16 days for PWH and 11 days for HIV-. The mean CD4+ T-cell count/μl for PWH was 772.10 (±365.21). SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG were detected at all time points and Ab response levels did not differ by HIV status (p > 0.05). At entry, age showed a weak direct association with IgG responses (ρ = 0.44, p < 0.05) in HIV- but did not show any association in PWH. Similar associations between age, IgG, and HIV status emerged at day 14 (T1; ρ = 0.50, p < 0.05), 3 months (T3; ρ = 0.50, p < 0.05), and 6 months visit (T4; ρ = 0.78, p < 0.05) in the HIV- group.

Conclusion: The Ab responses in the 6-month post-SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ by HIV status, though a positive association was found between age and Ab response in older PWH. Results suggest that immune protection and vaccine responses are similar for PWH than for those without HIV infection.

Keywords: COVID-19 vaccine; HIV; SARS-CoV-2; adaptive immunity; antibody; innate immunity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Poisson generalized estimated equations comparing (A) IgM antibody response and (B) IgG antibody response across all time points by HIV status. Antibody responses in the 6-month post-SARS-CoV-2 infection did not differ by HIV status.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Coplots evaluating the correlation between age and antibody response by timepoint and HIV status.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. . A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. (2020) 382:727–33. 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. . Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. (2020) 395:507–13. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zohar T, Alter G. Dissecting antibody-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Rev Immunol. (2020) 20:392–4. 10.1038/s41577-020-0359-5 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Samadizadeh S, Masoudi M, Rastegar M, Salimi V, Shahbaz MB, Tahamtan A. COVID-19: why does disease severity vary among individuals? Respir Med. (2021) 180:106356. 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106356 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gervasoni C, Meraviglia P, Riva A, Giacomelli A, Oreni L, Minisci D, et al. . Clinical features and outcomes of HIV patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. (2020) 71:2276–8. 10.1093/cid/ciaa579 - DOI - PMC - PubMed