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. 2022 Feb 22;14(3):485.
doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030485.

Wound Dressing: Combination of Acacia Gum/PVP/Cyclic Dextrin in Bioadhesive Patches Loaded with Grape Seed Extract

Cinzia Pagano  1 , Francesca Luzi  2 , Maurizio Ricci  1 , Alessandro Di Michele  3 , Debora Puglia  4 , Maria Rachele Ceccarini  1 , Tommaso Beccari  1 , Francesca Blasi  1 , Lina Cossignani  1 , Aurélie Schoubben  1 , Sara Primavilla  5 , César Antonio Viseras Iborra  6 , Luana Perioli  1
Affiliations

Wound Dressing: Combination of Acacia Gum/PVP/Cyclic Dextrin in Bioadhesive Patches Loaded with Grape Seed Extract

Cinzia Pagano et al. Pharmaceutics. .

Abstract

The success of wound treatment is conditioned by the combination of both suitable active ingredients and formulation. Grape seed extract (GSE), a waste by-product obtained by grape processing, is a natural source rich in many phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities and for this reason useful to be used in a wound care product. Bioadhesive polymeric patches have been realized by combining acacia gum (AG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Prototypes were prepared by considering different AG/PVP ratios and the most suitable in terms of mechanical and bioadhesion properties resulted in the 9.5/1.0 ratio. This patch was loaded with GSE combined with cyclic dextrin (CD) to obtain the molecular dispersion of the active ingredient in the dried formulation. The loaded patch resulted mechanically resistant and able to release GSE by a sustained mechanism reaching concentrations able to stimulate keratinocytes' growth, to exert both antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Keywords: acacia gum; bioadhesion; grape seed extract; patch; wound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic representation of patch preparation.
Figure 1
Figure 1
TG (a) and DTG (b) curves of AG and PVP; TG (c) and DTG (d) curves of patches A–D.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Tensile stress—strain curves for patches A–D.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representation of the experimental setup used to perform ex vivo adhesion studies.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) HaCaT cells; (B) Viability measured in vitro on HaCaT cells for different GSE concentrations. Untreated cells (CTR) were set at 100%. The percentage of viable cells with respect to CTR was reported as the mean standard deviation of three independent experiments, each one conducted in triplicate. * p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001, and *** p < 0.0001, treatments versus CTR (one-way ANOVA test).
Figure 5
Figure 5
In vitro scratch test on HaCaT cells. Wound closure was observed after 3, 6, 12, and 24 h for untreated cells (CTR) and treated cells with 30 µg/mL of GSE solution.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Patch A loaded with only GSE; (b) Patch A loaded introducing CD in the hydrogel composition.
Figure 7
Figure 7
FT-IR spectra of raw materials (a). FT-IR spectra of OH stretching (b).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Tensile stress—strain curves for blank, CD and GSE-CD loaded patch A.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(A) Unloaded patch A surface; (B) loaded patch A surface; (C) unloaded patch A thickness; (D) loaded patch A thickness.
Figure 10
Figure 10
In vitro release profiles were obtained from patch A. (A) % released vs. time; (B) amount released/cm2 (µg/cm2) vs. time.
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