COVID-19 Vaccination Limits Systemic Danger Signals in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients

Abstract

Vaccination with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine determines not only a consistent reduction in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection but also contributes to disease attenuation in infected people. Of note, hyperinflammation and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been clearly associated with severe illness and poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. In this report, we revealed a significant reduction in the levels of IL-1ß and DAMPs molecules, as S100A8 and High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1), in vaccinated patients as compared to non-vaccinated ones. COVID-19 vaccination indeed prevents severe clinical manifestations in patients and limits the release of systemic danger signals in SARS-CoV-2 infected people.

Keywords: COVID-19; DAMPs; personalized therapy; vaccination.

Figure 1

(A) Percentage of non-vaccinated (NoVax), vaccinated (Vax) and 1 dose vaccinated patients in our cohort. Age (B) and disease severity (C) distribution in NoVax and Vax patients. IL-1ß (D), S100A8 (E), and HMGB1 (F) plasma concentration (pg/mL) in NoVax and Vax patients. IL-1ß (G), S100A8 (H), and HMGB1 (I) plasma concentration (pg/mL) in NoVax and Vax patients stratified by age (younger or older than 60 years old). Differences were considered statistically significant at confidence levels * p  <  0.05 or ** p  <  0.01.