Impact of COVID-19 on the circulation of respiratory viruses in a children's hospital: an expected absence
- PMID: 35338813
- DOI: 10.5546/aap.2022.eng.99
Impact of COVID-19 on the circulation of respiratory viruses in a children's hospital: an expected absence
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory viruses are the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in the pediatric population. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared that the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had reached the pandemic status. Our objective was to describe the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations due to ALRTI at Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) and virus circulation.
Methods: Observational, retrospective, and descriptive study of patients hospitalized due to ALRTI comparing 2019 and 2020.
Results: In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased by 73%. In 2019, 517 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized; the following viruses were identified in 174: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (71.2%), adenovirus (AV) (10.3%), parainfluenza virus (PIV) (9.7%), and influenza virus (FLU) (8.6%). In 2020, 94 patients with ALRTI were hospitalized. Until epidemiological week (EW) 13, cases of ALRTI due to PIV and AV were recorded; in EW 29, there was 1 case of bronchiolitis due to AV and rhinovirus (RV), followed by isolated cases of RV; no ALRTI due to RSV or FLU was recorded. In total, 9 cases of ALRTI due to COVID-19 were recorded: 2 moderate bronchiolitis and 7 focal pneumonia; 1 adolescent with comorbidities died due to COVID-19 pneumonia. In 2020, patients were older and had more comorbidities and prior hospitalizations compared to 2019. Focal pneumonia prevailed.
Conclusions: In 2020, the rate of hospitalization due to ALRTI decreased significantly compared to 2019, with the absence of seasonal respiratory virus circulation in the pediatric population.
Introducción. Los virus respiratorios son la principal causa de infección respiratoria aguda baja (IRAB) en la población pediátrica. En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró el estado de pandemia de la enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) con un impacto global elevado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las internaciones por IRAB en el Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez (HNRG) y la circulación viral. Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y descriptivo de pacientes internados por IRAB, comparando los años 2019 y 2020. Resultados. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo un 73 % en el HNRG (575,1/10 000 en 2019 y 155,3/10 000 en 2020). En 2019 se internaron 517 pacientes con IRAB; en 174 se identificaron los virus: sincicial respiratorio (71,2%), adenovirus (AV) (10,3%), parainfluenza (PIF) (9,7 %) e influenza (FLU) (8,6 %). En 2020, se hospitalizaron 94 pacientes con IRAB. Hasta la semana epidemiológica (SE) 13 se registraron casos de IRAB por PIF y AV; en la SE 29 un caso de bronquiolitis por AV y rinovirus (RV), seguido de casos aislados de RV; no hubo IRAB por VSR ni por FLU. Se registraron 9 casos de IRAB por COVID-19: 2 bronquiolitis moderadas y 7 neumonías focales; con un adolescente fallecido por neumonía por COVID-19 con comorbilidades. En 2020, los casos presentaron mayor edad, más comorbilidades e internaciones previas en comparación con el 2019. La neumonía focal fue la presentación clínica predominante. Conclusión. En 2020, la tasa de hospitalización por IRAB se redujo significativamente en comparación con el año anterior, con ausencia de circulación de virus respiratorios estacionales en la población asistida en nuestro centro.
Keywords: bronchiolitis; COVID-19; epidemiological surveillance; respiratory tract infections; virus.
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