Predictors and severity of probable acute stress disorder following the Beirut Port Blast
- PMID: 35340788
- PMCID: PMC8942494
- DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2040232
Predictors and severity of probable acute stress disorder following the Beirut Port Blast
Abstract
Background: The Beirut Port Blast on August 4, 2020 is the largest (non-nuclear) explosion on record. St George Hospital University Medical Center (SGHUMC), a leading academic medical centre in Lebanon, adjacent to the Port, sustained a massive loss in lives and infrastructure.
Objective: The current study uses the baseline data of an ongoing longitudinal study to explore the prevalence, severity, and predictors of probable Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) among health workers at SGHUMC following the blast.
Methods: In the context of COVID-19 tests administered 9-15 days after the blast, SGHUMC staff were asked to complete a questionnaire that included socio-demographic details, the Beirut Port Exposure Inventory, and the Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS).
Results: A total of 570 health workers participated in the study. The prevalence of probable DSM-5 ASD [95%CI] was 38.34% [31.41; 45.32]. Many specific exposures were related, on a bivariate level, to ASD be it as a probable DSM-5 diagnosis or its severity as measured by the ASDS. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis identified the highest risk predictors of probable DSM-5 ASD diagnosis to be: being a female, seeing dead or mutilated bodies, death of a close one, and being scared at the time of the explosion. Nurses carried the highest risks of all health workers with a probable DSM-5 ASD prevalence of 51.28%, (OR = 3.72 [95% CI: 2.22; 6.25]). Being scared at the time of the blast was the most single predictor of probable ASD.
Conclusion: Both the prevalence and severity of probable DSM-5 ASD in this sample are higher than most reported in the literature, which may be explained by the severity of the trauma and the ongoing stress in the context of the pandemic. Fear at the time of the explosion was independently the most predictive parameter of probable ASD.
Antecedentes: La explosión del Puerto de Beirut el 4 de agosto de 2020 es la explosión (no nuclear) más grande registrada. El Centro Médico Universitario del Hospital St George (SGHUMC), un centro médico académico líder en el Líbano, adyacente al puerto, sufrió una pérdida masiva de vidas e infraestructura. Objetivo: El estudio actual utiliza los datos iniciales de un estudio longitudinal en curso para explorar la prevalencia, gravedad y predictores del probable Trastorno de Estrés Agudo (TEA) entre los trabajadores de la salud en SGHUMC después de la explosión. Métodos: En el contexto de las pruebas de COVID-19 administradas entre 9 y 15 días después de la explosión, se le pidió al personal de SGHUMC que completara un cuestionario que incluía detalles sociodemográficos, el Inventario de Exposición del Puerto de Beirut y la Escala de Trastorno de Estrés Agudo (ETEA). Resultados: Un total de 570 trabajadores de la salud participaron en el estudio. La prevalencia de probable TEA DSM-5 [IC 95%] fue del 38,34% [31,41; 45.32]. Muchas exposiciones específicas se relacionaron, en un nivel bivariado, con TEA, ya sea como un diagnóstico probable del DSM-5 o su gravedad medida por el ETEA. Un análisis del árbol de clasificación y regresión (CART, por sus siglas en inglés) identificó que los predictores de riesgo más alto del diagnóstico probable de TEA según el DSM-5 son: ser mujer, ver cuerpos muertos o mutilados, la muerte de alguien cercano y tener miedo en el momento de la explosión. Las enfermeras tenían los riesgos más altos de todos los trabajadores de la salud con una prevalencia probable de TEA según el DSM-5 del 51,28%, (OR = 3,72 [IC del 95%: 2,22; 6.25]). Sentirse aterrorizados en el momento de la explosión fue el predictor más determinante de probable TEA. Conclusión: Tanto la prevalencia como la gravedad del probable TEA DSM-5 en esta muestra son más altas que la mayoría de las reportadas en la literatura, lo que puede explicarse por la gravedad del trauma y el estrés continuo en el contexto de la pandemia. El miedo en el momento de la explosión fue independientemente el parámetro más predictivo de probable TEA.
背景: 2020 年 8 月 4 日的贝鲁特港口爆炸是有记录以来最大的 (非核) 爆炸。圣乔治医院大学医学中心 (SGHUMC) 是黎巴嫩领先的学术医疗中心 , 毗邻港口 , 在生命和基础设施方面遭受了巨大损失。目的: 本研究使用正在进行的纵向研究的基线数据来探索爆炸后 SGHUMC 卫生工作者中可能的急性应激障碍 (ASD) 的患病率、严重程度和预测因素。方法: 在爆炸后 9-15 天进行 COVID-19 检测的背景下 , SGHUMC 工作人员被要求完成一份问卷 , 其中包括社会人口学细节、贝鲁特港口暴露量表和急性应激障碍量表 (ASDS)。结果: 共有 570 名卫生工作者参与了研究。可能的 DSM-5 ASD [95%CI] 的患病率为 38.34% [31.41; 45.32]。许多特定暴露在双变量水平上与 ASD 相关 , 无论是作为可能的 DSM-5 诊断还是通过 ASDS 测量的严重程度。分类和回归树 (CART) 分析确定了可能的 DSM-5 ASD 诊断的最高风险预测因子是:作为女性、看到尸体或残缺不全的尸体、亲近的人死亡以及在爆炸时感到害怕。在所有卫生工作者中 , 护士的风险最高 , 可能的DSM-5 ASD 患病率为 51.28%, (OR = 3.72 [95% CI:2.22; 6.25])。在爆炸发生时感到害怕是可能的 ASD 最单一的预测因素。 结论: 该样本中可能的 DSM-5 ASD 的患病率和严重程度均高于文献中报道的大多数 , 这可能是由于创伤的严重程度和疫情背景下的持续应激所致。爆炸时的恐惧独立地是可能的 ASD 最具预测性的参数。.
Keywords: Beirut Port Blast; PTSD; acute stress disorder; explosion; trauma; • 38.34% of all health workers and 51.2% of nurses at St Georges Hospital University Medical Center, which faces the port, had probable DSM-5 ASD in this ongoing longitudinal study; • On 4 August 2020, 2700 tons of ammonium nitrate exploded in the port of Beirut.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Conflict of interest statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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