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Review
. 2022 Mar;12(3):e12133.
doi: 10.1002/clt2.12133.

AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins

Mario Di Gioacchino  1   2 , Loredana Della Valle  1   2 , Alessandro Allegra  3 , Giovanni Pioggia  4 , Sebastiano Gangemi  5
Affiliations
Review

AllergoOncology: Role of immune cells and immune proteins

Mario Di Gioacchino et al. Clin Transl Allergy. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Immune cells and immune proteins play a pivotal role in host responses to pathogens, allergens and cancer. Understanding the crosstalk between allergic response and cancer, immune surveillance, immunomodulation, role of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated functions and help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Allergy and oncology show two opposite scenarios: whereas immune tolerance is desired in allergy, it is detrimental in cancer.

Aim: The current review provides an update on the role of immune cells and immune proteins in allergy and cancer fields.

Methods: Authors investigated the role of relevant immunological markers and the correlation with cancer progression or cancer suppression.

Results: Activated immune cells such as macrophages 'M1', dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), NK cells, Th1, follicular T helper cells (TFH), TCD8+, B lymphocytes and eosinophils have inhibitory effects on tumourigenesis, while tolerogenic cells such as macrophages 'M2,' tolerogenic DCs, ILC3, T and B regulatory lymphocytes appear to favour carcinogenesis. Mastocytes and alarmins can have both effects. RIgE antibodies and CCCL5 chemokine have an anticancer role, whereas IgG4, free light chains, Il-10, TGF-β, lipocalin-2, CCL1 chemokine promote cancer progression. Fundamental is also the contribution of epigenetic changes regulated by the microRNA in cancer progression.

Conclusion: This knowledge represents the key to developing new anticancer therapies.

Keywords: IgE; allergy; immune surveillance; immunomodulation; malignancy susceptibility.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Immunoglobulin E is able to bind Fc receptors on tumour associated effector cells promoting tumouricidal actions
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Role of HMGB1 in cancer development
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effects of microRNA in several cancers
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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