Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Mar 1;23(3):829-837.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2022.23.3.829.

Twelve Years Implementation of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Program in Indonesia

Mugi Wahidin  1   2 , Rini Febrianti  3 , Frides Susanty  4 , Sri Ridha Hasanah  4
Affiliations

Twelve Years Implementation of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening Program in Indonesia

Mugi Wahidin et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Objective: The study aimed to measure achievement of the national program of cervical and breast cancer screening in Indonesia after 12 years implementation and factors associated with the number of the screening.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytic analysis. Secondary data was collected from Directorate of Non Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health.

Results: From 2007 to 2018, the program was implemented in all 34 provinces, at 51% primary health centers (PHC) with 3 providers each. Total women aged 30-50 years screened was 3,664,625 (9.8% of the target). The number rose gradually from 2007 to 2014, with significant increase from 2015 to 2018. Bali province had the highest coverage (31%) and Papua had the lowest (1%). We found a wide disparity of coverage among provinces. There was 3.4% of VIA-positive, 16.1% was treated with cryotherapy, 1.3 per 1,000 of suspected cervical cancer, 5,4% lump in the breast, and 0.7 per 1,000 suspected breast cancer. Factors associated with number of the screening were number of PHC providing screening, number of GP, total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province.

Conclusion: The cervical and breast cancer screening program was running in all provinces in more than half of primary health centers in Indonesia. National coverage (9.8%) was far below the target and varied widely among provinces. Number of PHC with screening services, number of GP, number of total provider, number of NCD post, number of Village with NCD Post, and income of the province have association with cervical and breast cancer screening.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; Indonesia; VIA; breast cancer; cancer screening.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia, 2007-2018
Figure 2
Figure 2
Coverage of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia 2007-2018, by Province
Figure 3
Figure 3
VIA Positive Prevalence from Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia 2007-2018, by Province
Figure 4
Figure 4
VIA Positive with Cryotherapy Treatment from Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia 2007-2018, by Province
Figure 5
Figure 5
Suspected Cervical Cancer Revalence from Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia 2007-2018, by Province
Figure 6
Figure 6
Breast Tumor Prevalence of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia 2007-2018, by Province
Figure 7
Figure 7
Suspected Breast Cancer Prevalence of Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening in Indonesia 2007-2018, by Province
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. ACCP New evidence on the impact of cervical cancer screening and treatment using HPV DNA tests, visual inspection, or cytology. N Engl J Med. 2009;2009:2–4.
    1. Aprianti A, Fauza M, Azrimaidalisa A. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks Metode IVA di Puskesmas Kota Padang. J Promosi Kesehat Indones. 2018;14:68–80.
    1. Apriningrum N, Arya IFD, Susanto H. Evaluasi input pada program pencegahan kanker serviks dengan pemeriksaan IVA di kabupaten karawang. Jurnal Bidan Midwife J. 2017;3:53–65.
    1. Ashtarian H. Knowledge about cervical cancer and pap smear and the factors influencing the pap test screening among women. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017;5:188–95. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bashar MA, Aggarwal A, Valecha D. A successful model of cancer screening in low-resource settings: Findings of an integrated cancer screening camp from a rural setting of North India. Oncol J India. 2020;4:19.