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Review
. 2022 May;67(5):1613-1623.
doi: 10.1007/s10620-022-07424-9. Epub 2022 Mar 29.

Management of Difficult Choledocholithiasis

Alexander Podboy  1 , Srinivas Gaddam  1 , Kenneth Park  1 , Kapil Gupta  1 , Quin Liu  1 , Simon K Lo  2
Affiliations
Review

Management of Difficult Choledocholithiasis

Alexander Podboy et al. Dig Dis Sci. 2022 May.

Abstract

Over 30% of all endoscopic retrograde cholangiography procedures in the US are associated with biliary stone extraction, and over 10-15% of these cases are noted to be complex or difficult. The aim of this review is to define the characteristics of difficult common bile duct stones and provide an algorithmic therapeutic approach to these difficult cases. We describe additional special clinical circumstances in which difficult biliary stones are identified and provide additional management strategies to aid endoscopic stone extraction efforts.

Keywords: Endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopy (ERC); Gallstones; Lithotripsy.

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References

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