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. 2022 Mar 29;22(1):308.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07269-7.

An assessment of Veterans attitudes and willingness to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine: a mixed methods study

Jessica Gardner  1 , Gabriel Brown  1 , Jadisha Vargas-Correa  1 , Frances Weaver  2   3 , Israel Rubinstein  1   4 , Howard S Gordon  5   6   7   8
Affiliations

An assessment of Veterans attitudes and willingness to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine: a mixed methods study

Jessica Gardner et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: While several safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines have been available since December 2020, many eligible individuals choose to remain unvaccinated. This vaccine hesitancy is an important factor affecting our ability to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: The objective of the study was to examine the attitudes and willingness among US Veterans toward receiving COVID-19 vaccination. The study used a quantitative qualitative mixed methods design with a telephone survey and then in-depth interviews in a subset of those surveyed. Participants were unvaccinated Veterans (N = 184) selected randomly from a registry of patients who had received VA healthcare during the pandemic and had a diagnostic test for COVID-19. The primary outcome was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Survey data collection and in-depth interviews were conducted by telephone. Analyses of the survey data compared the primary outcome with demographics, clinical data, and survey responses using bivariate and multiple regression analyses. A subset (N = 10) of those surveyed, participated in an in-depth interview. Interview transcripts were analyzed to derive themes using qualitative content analysis.

Results: Almost 40% of participants disagreed they would receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Participants who were younger, female, and had fewer comorbid conditions were more likely (P < 0.05) to disagree with COVID-19 vaccination. In multiple regression analysis, willingness to accept vaccination was associated with reliance on a doctor or family member's recommendation and with a belief that vaccines are effective. In-depth interviews revealed several barriers to COVID-19 vaccination, including lack of trust in the government and vaccine manufacturers, concerns about the speed of vaccine development, fear of side effects, and fear the vaccine was a tool of racism.

Conclusions: This study illustrates the complexity of patients' deliberation about COVID-19 vaccination and may help physicians and other health care providers understand patients' perspectives about COVID-19 vaccination. The results highlight the importance of patients' trust in physicians, healthcare organizations, pharmaceutical manufacturers and the government when making health decisions.

Keywords: Acceptance of healthcare; Qualitative Research; Survey Research; Trust in healthcare; Vaccine Hesitancy; Veterans.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Vaccine Survey Enrollment December 2020 through June 2021
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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