Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Apr 1;26(4):341-347.
doi: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0501.

Concomitant pulmonary disease is common among patients with extrapulmonary TB

Affiliations

Concomitant pulmonary disease is common among patients with extrapulmonary TB

S V B Y Shivakumar et al. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. .

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Microbiologic screening of extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients could inform recommendations for aerosol precautions and close contact prophylaxis. However, this is currently not routinely recommended in India. Therefore, we estimated the proportion of Indian patients with EPTB with microbiologic evidence of pulmonary TB (PTB).METHODS: We characterized baseline clinical, radiological and sputum microbiologic data of 885 adult and pediatric TB patients in Chennai and Pune, India, between March 2014 and November 2018.RESULTS: Of 277 patients with EPTB, enhanced screening led to the identification of 124 (45%) with concomitant PTB, including 53 (19%) who reported a cough >2 weeks; 158 (63%) had an abnormal CXR and 51 (19%) had a positive sputum for TB. Of 70 participants with a normal CXR and without any cough, 14 (20%) had a positive sputum for TB. Overall, the incremental yield of enhanced screening of patients with EPTB to identify concomitant PTB disease was 14% (95% CI 12-16).CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of patients classified as EPTB in India have concomitant PTB. Our results support the need for improved symptom and CXR screening, and recommends routine sputum TB microbiology screening of all Indian patients with EPTB.

CONTEXTE :: Le dépistage microbiologique des patients atteints de TB extra-pulmonaire (EPTB) pourrait éclairer des recommandations sur la prévention des aérosols et la prophylaxie pour les personnes en contact étroit avec un cas. Ces points ne sont cependant pas recommandés en routine en Inde. Nous avons estimé la proportion de patients indiens atteints d’EPTB avec documentation microbiologique de TB pulmonaire (PTB).

MÉTHODES :: Nous avons caractérisé les données initiales cliniques, radiologiques et microbiologiques des crachats de 885 patients adultes et pédiatriques atteints de TB à Madras et Pune, Inde, entre mars 2014 et novembre 2018.

RÉSULTATS :: Sur 277 patients atteints d’EPTB, le dépistage renforcé a permis d’identifier 124 (45%) patients avec PTB concomitante, dont 53 (19%) avaient rapporté une toux 2 semaines ; 158 (63%) avaient une radiographie pulmonaire (CXR) anormale et 51 (19%) avaient un examen des crachats positif pour TB. Sur 70 participants ayant une CXR normale sans toux, 14 (20%) avaient un examen des crachats positif pour TB. Dans l’ensemble, la valeur incrémentielle du dépistage renforcé des patients atteints d’EPTB visant à identifier une PTB concomitante était de 14% (IC 95% 12 16).

CONCLUSIONS :: Une grande proportion de patients classés comme EPTB en Inde ont une PTB concomitante. Nos résultats renforcent la nécessité d’un meilleur dépistage des symptômes et d’un meilleur dépistage par CXR. Un dépistage de routine par examen microbiologique des crachats est recommandé pour tous les patients indiens atteints d’EPTB.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: none declared.

Figures

Figure
Figure
Frequency of extrapulmonary sites among patients diagnosed with extrapulmonary TB under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme in India.

References

    1. World Health Organization Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2013. Definitions and reporting framework for tuberculosis –2013 revision. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/79199/9789241505345_eng... .
    1. Loddenkemper R, Lipman M, Zumla A. Clinical aspects of adult tuberculosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2015;6:a017848. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kruijshaar ME, Abubakar I. Increase in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in England and Wales 1999–2006. Thorax. 2009;64:1090–1095. - PubMed
    1. Prakasha SR, et al. Mapping the pattern and trends of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. J Glob Infect Dis. 2013;5:54–59. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wang M-S, Wang J-L, Liu X-J. Epidemiological trends in the form of childhood tuberculosis in a referral tuberculosis hospital in Shandong, China. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:6142567. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types