Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Aug;88(8):3847-3855.
doi: 10.1111/bcp.15337. Epub 2022 Apr 8.

Disparities in oral anticoagulation initiation in patients with schizophrenia and atrial fibrillation: A nationwide cohort study

Anette Arbjerg Højen  1   2 , Peter Brønnum Nielsen  1   2 , Sam Riahi  1   3   4 , Martin Jensen  1   2 , Gregory Y H Lip  4   5 , Torben Bjerregaard Larsen  1   2   3 , Mette Søgaard  1   2
Affiliations

Disparities in oral anticoagulation initiation in patients with schizophrenia and atrial fibrillation: A nationwide cohort study

Anette Arbjerg Højen et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Aims: Schizophrenia is associated with poor anticoagulation control and clinical prognosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Little is known about initiation of oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) in this patient population.

Methods: In the nationwide Danish health registries, we identified all patients with incident AF and schizophrenia with indication for OAC treatment. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 673) were matched 1:5 on sex, age, stroke risk score, and calendar-period to incident AF patients without schizophrenia. We calculated absolute risk and risk difference (RD) of OAC initiation, adjusting for stroke and bleeding risk factors. Analyses were stratified by calendar period (2000-2011 and 2012-2018) to account for changes after the introduction of non-vitamin K OACs (NOAC).

Results: Among patients with schizophrenia (mean age 69.5 years, 50.3% females), 33.7% initiated OAC within the first year after AF diagnosis, compared with 54.4% of patients without schizophrenia, corresponding to an adjusted RD of -20.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -24.7 to -16.7). OAC initiation increased over time regardless of schizophrenia status. During 2000-2011, 18.3% of patients with schizophrenia and 42.9% without schizophrenia initiated OAC (adjusted RD -23.6%, 95% CI -28.8 to -18.6). During 2012-2018, this was 48.5% and 65.7%, respectively (adjusted RD -14.4%, 95% CI -20.4 to -8.4).

Conclusion: Initiation of OAC was substantially lower among patients with AF and schizophrenia compared with matched AF peers. These findings accentuate the importance of close attention to disparities in initiation of OAC treatment, and potential missed opportunities for prevention of disabling strokes in AF patients with schizophrenia.

Keywords: anticoagulants; atrial fibrillation; schizophrenia; thrombosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Højen has received speaking fees from MSD and speaking and consulting fees from Bayer and Bristol‐Myers Squibb/Phizer. Prof Larsen has served as an investigator for Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC and Boehringer Ingelheim and received speaking and consulting fees from Bayer, Bristol‐Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD and AstraZeneca. Dr. Nilsen has received speaking fees from Boehringer Ingelheim and BMS/Pfizer; consulting fees from Bayer and Daiichi‐Sankyo; and grant support from BMS/Pfizer and Daiichi‐Sankyo. Prof. Lip reports consultancy and speaker fees from BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Daiichi‐Sankyo. Dr. Søgaard has received consulting fees from Bayer. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Cumulative incidence of oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation with and without schizophrenia
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Oral anticoagulation therapy according to CHA2DS2‐VASc score and time period a Individual components of the CHA2DS2‐VASc included in the adjustment: congestive heart failure; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; prior stroke, transient ischaemic attack or thromboembolism; vascular disease (age and sex were applied as matching factors in the study design).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Temporal trends of OAC initiation and 1‐year rates of ischaemic stroke and all‐cause mortality according to schizophrenia status
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Laursen TM, Munk‐Olsen T, Gasse C. Chronic somatic comorbidity and excess mortality due to natural causes in persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(9):e24597. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024597 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio‐Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2020;42(5):373‐498. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Søgaard M, Skjøth F, Kjældgaard JN, Larsen TB, Hjortshøj SP, Riahi S. Atrial fibrillation in patients with severe mental disorders and the risk of stroke, fatal thromboembolic events and bleeding: a nationwide cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(12):e018209. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018209 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schauer DP, Moomaw CJ, Wess M, Webb T, Eckman MH. Psychosocial risk factors for adverse outcomes in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving warfarin. J Gen Intern Med. 2005;20(12):1114‐1119. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0242.x - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lip GY, Freedman B, De Caterina R, Potpara TS. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Past, present and future. Thromb Haemost. 2017;60(8):1230‐1239. doi:10.1160/TH16-11-0876 - DOI - PubMed