Cutaneous Manifestations in COVID-19-Positive African American Patients

Abstract

Background: The United States of America is the leading country in confirmed cases of and deaths from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In April and May 2020, respectively, 0.2% of patients in a Chinese COVID-19-positive cohort and 20.4% of patients in an Italian COVID-19-positive cohort developed cutaneous abnormalities. Cutaneous abnormalities associated with COVID-19 are not well documented or discussed, and investigation of cutaneous manifestations is necessary to determine if they have any clinical value. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of COVID-19-positive patients who were admitted to Ochsner-Louisiana State University-Shreveport and Ochsner-Louisiana State University-Monroe facilities in Louisiana. Cutaneous manifestations were determined from clinical notes, descriptions in medical records, and a billing code for skin rashes. Results: Of 1,086 COVID-19-positive patients investigated, 871 were African American and 130 were Caucasian. Only 10 patents exhibited probable COVID-19-induced cutaneous abnormalities: 6 (0.7%) of the 871 African American patients and 4 (3.1%) of the 130 Caucasian patients. Dermatologic abnormalities included pruritic or erythematous rash and hypopigmentation of the face, upper chest, abdomen, and trunk areas. Our data are consistent with the smaller percentage of patients in the Chinese cohort study vs the larger percentage in the Italian cohort study. Conclusion: Our data provide evidence that cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19, especially in African American patients, are rare, but documentation of more cases is necessary to establish a cause and effect for COVID-19-induced skin manifestations.

Keywords: COVID-19; skin abnormalities; skin manifestations.