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. 2022 Feb 23;14(2):plac003.
doi: 10.1093/aobpla/plac003. eCollection 2022 Apr.

Effects of polygalacturonase overexpression on pectin distribution in the elongation zones of roots under aluminium stress

Teruki Nagayama  1 , Akane Tatsumi  1 , Atsuko Nakamura  1 , Naoki Yamaji  2 , Shinobu Satoh  1 , Jun Furukawa  1 , Hiroaki Iwai  1
Affiliations

Effects of polygalacturonase overexpression on pectin distribution in the elongation zones of roots under aluminium stress

Teruki Nagayama et al. AoB Plants. .

Abstract

The roots of many plant species contain large amounts of pectin and it contributes to the formation of the rhizosphere. In the present study, the relationship between the root-tip pectin content and aluminium (Al) tolerance in wild-type (WT) and demethylesterified pectin degradation enzyme gene overexpressor (OsPG2-FOX) rice lines was compared. OsPG2-FOX rice showed reduced pectin content in roots, even under control conditions; Al treatment reduced root elongation and the pectin content in the root elongation zone. Wild-type rice showed more pectin accumulation in the root elongation zone after Al treatment. Relative to WT rice, OsPG2-FOX rice showed more Al accumulation in the root elongation zone. These results indicate that the amount of pectin influences Al tolerance and that the distribution of pectin in the root elongation zone inhibits Al accumulation in rice roots. Pectin accumulation in cell walls in the root elongation zone may play a role in protecting rice plants from the Al-induced inhibition of root elongation by regulating pectin distribution.

Keywords: Aluminium; pectin; polygalacturonase; rice (Oryza sativa); root elongation zone.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Uronic acid content in cell walls from whole roots of WT (cv. Nipponbare) rice in the mature growth stage. The content differed significantly between WT and OsPG2-FOX rice (P < 0.01, Student’s t-test). Data are means ± SDs, n = 7.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Phenotypes of WT and OsPG2-FOX seedlings treated without or with Al (0 or 100 µM AlCl3 for 24 h). OsPG2-FOX rice showed a high level of root elongation under the 0-µM Al condition. The elongation of roots treated with 100 µM Al was reduced by ~70 % in OsPG2-FOX rice compared with the WT. Bars = 1 cm.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Relative root elongation of WT and OsPG2-FOX seedlings grown in 1.0 mM CaCl2 at pH 4.5 and then treated without or with Al (0 or 100 µM AlCl3). Seedling root length was measured before and after Al treatment, and the amount of root elongation was determined. Root elongation differed significantly between WT and OsPG2-FOX rice under 100-µM Al treatment (P < 0.01, Student’s t-test). Data are means ± SDs, n = 12.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Uronic acid content in cell walls in the root tips (0–1 mm) of WT and OsPG2-FOX seedlings grown in 1.0 mM CaCl2 at pH 4.5 and then treated without or with Al (0 or 100 µM AlCl3) for 24 h. Relative uronic acid amounts normalized to 100 % of the amounts under Al treatment are shown. The uronic acid content differed significantly between WT and OsPG2-FOX rice under 100-µM Al treatment (P < 0.01, Student’s t-test). Data are means ± SDs, n = 3.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Demethylesterified pectin content, based on ruthenium red staining without (A) and after (B) saponification (0.1 N NaOH, 1 min), in the roots of WT and OsPG2-FOX seedlings treated without or with Al (0 or 100 µM AlCl3). Roots were stained with 0.01 % ruthenium red for 5 min. Bar = 0.1 mm.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Aluminium (Al) content, based on eriochrome cyanine R staining, in the roots of WT and OsPG2-FOX seedlings treated without or with Al (0 or 100 µM AlCl3) for 24 h. Roots were stained with 0.1 % eriochrome cyanine R for 20 min. Bars = 0.1 mm.
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