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. 2022 Aug;29(38):57860-57872.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19889-2. Epub 2022 Mar 31.

Enhancing the CE-QUAL-W2 to model dissolved lead transport and transformation in dam reservoirs: a case study of Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir, north part of Iran

Seyyed Mohammad Shoaei  1 , Seyyed Asghar Arjmandi  2 , Seyed Ahmad Mirbagheri  3
Affiliations

Enhancing the CE-QUAL-W2 to model dissolved lead transport and transformation in dam reservoirs: a case study of Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir, north part of Iran

Seyyed Mohammad Shoaei et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Investigation of heavy metal transport in water bodies such as dam reservoirs due to the environmental hazards and the transformation complexities of heavy metals from dissolved phase to particulate phase and vice versa is of particular importance. The transport process of the dissolved heavy metals such as lead (Pb) in storage dam reservoirs is significantly influenced by the water flow, and ambient parameters such as temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), and suspended solids (SS). Due to the lack of a suitable model to simulate the heavy metal transport in dam reservoirs, in this study, the hydrodynamics and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, was enhanced by developing 2D laterally averaged model for simulating the dissolved phase of Pb contaminant and applied to the Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir, Sari, Iran. The developed model can describe the advection-dispersion and transformation processes and simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of dissolved phase of Pb concentrations. A new approach was introduced to calculate different reaction coefficients used in the transformation term of the advection-diffusion equation. Comparison of the simulation results of temperature, TDS, DO, SS, and dissolved phase of Pb with the measured values from the Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir shows a mean percentage error (MPE) of 6.8, 4.7, 11.7, 19.7, and 7.27 respectively. The results of the present study showed that the temperature was the most effective parameter on the transformation of Pb in the Shahid Rajaei Dam reservoir due to large changes of temperature in depth as about 15 °C along with small changes in other ambient parameters in several months of the year. This phenomenon can be expected in many reservoirs that are stratified in a period of the year. However, the effect of other ambient parameters such as TDS, DO, and SS should not be neglected.

Keywords: 2D laterally averaged model; Dam reservoir; Dissolved heavy metals; Finite difference model; Reaction coefficient.

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