Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and the mental health implications
- PMID: 35359346
- PMCID: PMC8959835
- DOI: 10.15190/d.2021.19
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and the mental health implications
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or more commonly known as Long COVID-19, is the term given to persistent symptoms 12 weeks from the initial presentation of COVID-19 infection. Several multi-organ symptoms have been reported by patients. Some common symptoms include headaches, fatigue, memory impairment and mental health complications such as anxiety and depression. People with previous psychiatric diagnosis are at greater risk of developing longer mental health implications from persistent COVID-19 symptoms. Additionally, healthcare workers are at increased risk of being long haulers leading to burnout and exhaustion. The objective of this review article is to provide comprehensive evidence from existing literature on various symptoms reported by patients experiencing Long COVID-19 and the rate of occurrence of such symptoms in different populations. A long-term disease surveillance is required to further understand the persistent symptoms or the long-term impact of this infection.
Keywords: COVID-19; long COVID-19; long-haulers; mental health.; multi-organ.
Copyright © 2021, Walia N. et al., Applied Systems and Discoveries Journals.
Conflict of interest statement
Conflict of interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Similar articles
-
Long COVID in Children and Adolescents: Mechanisms, Symptoms, and Long-Term Impact on Health-A Comprehensive Review.J Clin Med. 2025 Jan 9;14(2):378. doi: 10.3390/jcm14020378. J Clin Med. 2025. PMID: 39860384 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Substance use, psychiatric symptoms, personal mastery, and social support among COVID-19 long haulers: A compensatory model.medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Nov 24:2022.11.23.22282679. doi: 10.1101/2022.11.23.22282679. medRxiv. 2022. Update in: PLoS One. 2023 Aug 3;18(8):e0289413. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289413. PMID: 36451878 Free PMC article. Updated. Preprint.
-
Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Theoretical Basis, Identification, and Management.AACN Adv Crit Care. 2021 Jun 15;32(2):188-194. doi: 10.4037/aacnacc2021492. AACN Adv Crit Care. 2021. PMID: 33942071
-
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on Symptoms from Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19: Results from the Nationwide VAXILONG Study.Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Dec 30;10(1):46. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10010046. Vaccines (Basel). 2021. PMID: 35062706 Free PMC article.
-
Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction: What Do We Know?J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2021 Nov 15;8(11):156. doi: 10.3390/jcdd8110156. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2021. PMID: 34821709 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
-
A multicenter international prospective study of the validity and reliability of a COVID-19-specific health-related quality of life questionnaire.Qual Life Res. 2023 Feb;32(2):447-459. doi: 10.1007/s11136-022-03272-2. Epub 2022 Oct 23. Qual Life Res. 2023. PMID: 36273365 Free PMC article.
-
A survey on the role of artificial intelligence in managing Long COVID.Front Artif Intell. 2024 Jan 11;6:1292466. doi: 10.3389/frai.2023.1292466. eCollection 2023. Front Artif Intell. 2024. PMID: 38274052 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Post-COVID-19 human memory impairment: A PRISMA-based systematic review of evidence from brain imaging studies.Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Dec 9;14:1077384. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1077384. eCollection 2022. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022. PMID: 36570532 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Searching for Factors Influencing the Severity of the Symptoms of Long COVID.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 30;19(13):8013. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138013. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022. PMID: 35805671 Free PMC article.
-
Structural and non-structural proteins in SARS-CoV-2: potential aspects to COVID-19 treatment or prevention of progression of related diseases.Cell Commun Signal. 2023 May 15;21(1):110. doi: 10.1186/s12964-023-01104-5. Cell Commun Signal. 2023. PMID: 37189112 Free PMC article. Review.
References
-
- Symptoms of COVID-19 Outpatients in the United States. Pullen Matthew F, Skipper Caleb P, Hullsiek Kathy H, Bangdiwala Ananta S, Pastick Katelyn A, Okafor Elizabeth C, Lofgren Sarah M, Rajasingham Radha, Engen Nicole W, Galdys Alison, Williams Darlisha A, Abassi Mahsa, Boulware David R. Open forum infectious diseases. 2020;7(7):ofaa271. - PMC - PubMed
-
- CDC COVID Data Tracker. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 7, 2021. CDC. https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/ https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/
-
- Why the Patient-Made Term 'Long Covid' is needed. Perego Elisa, Callard Felicity, Stras Laurie, Melville-Jóhannesson Barbara, Pope Rachel, Alwan Nisreen A. Wellcome Open Research. 2020;5:224.
Publication types
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources