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. 2021 Nov-Dec;24(6):901-907.
doi: 10.4103/aian.AIAN_221_21. Epub 2021 Dec 17.

Clinico-Etiological Factors, Neuroimaging Characteristics and Outcome in Pediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Leema P Cornelius  1 , Neeraj Elango  1 , Venkateswaran Kuttava Jeyaram  1
Affiliations

Clinico-Etiological Factors, Neuroimaging Characteristics and Outcome in Pediatric Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Leema P Cornelius et al. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2021 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare in children, increasingly being recognized of late due to advances in neuroimaging. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical, etiological, and imaging characteristics of CVST and its outcome in children.

Study design: A retrospective chart review of children with CVST in a tertiary hospital from January 2011 to December 2020.

Results: Of the 35 patients enrolled, 26 (74.3%) patients were males. The mean age was 5.03 years with a range of 0.17-12 years. The common presenting symptoms were seizures in 18 (51.4%) followed by headache in 17 (48.6%), fever in 16 (45.7%), and vomiting in 15 (42.9%) children. Superior sagittal sinus was the commonest site of thrombus occlusion in 20 (57%), followed by transverse sinus in 18 (51.4%) patients. Multiple sinus involvement was noticed in one-half of the patients. The risk factors associated with CVST were head and neck infections in 15 (42.9%) children, inherited thrombophilia in 4 (11.6%), head trauma, iron deficiency anemia, leukemia with l-asparaginase therapy, acquired thrombophilia in 3 (8.6%) each, dehydration in 2 (5.7%), and dural arteriovenous fistula in one child. Two children (5.7%) died and one-third of the cohort had a poor outcome.

Conclusions: Head and neck infections continue to be the common cause of CVST in children. Though mortality is low, CVST is associated with significant morbidity in children.

Keywords: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis; children; neuroimaging findings; outcome.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) MRI brain T1W image sagittal view showing hemorrhagic infarct in the right parietal region in a child with pyogenic meningitis. (b) Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) showing thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus. (c) Partial recanalization after 3 months
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) MRI brain Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery Sequence (FLAIR) sequence axial view showing hemorrhagic infarct in the right temporoparietal region in a child with primary varicella infection. (b) MRV showing thrombosis in the right transverse, sigmoid sinuses, and internal jugular vein
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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