Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Feb 28:9:805564.
doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.805564. eCollection 2022.

Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Wasihun Seyoum  1 , Ephrem Tora  1 , Kokeb Kore  2 , Firew Lejebo  2
Affiliations

Seasonal Patterns: Bovine Trypanosomosis, Glossina pallidipes Density, and Infection in Rift Valleys of Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Wasihun Seyoum et al. Front Vet Sci. .

Abstract

Bovine trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease causing serious economic losses in livestock productivity and agricultural development. The disease has been reported in different parts of Ethiopia. However, seasonal pattern of trypanosomosis, tsetse fly apparent density, and infection are very limited in the southern rift valley of the country, particularly in Gamo Zone. Therefore, the objective of this cross-sectional study design was to estimate seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis, assessing tsetse fly apparent density and its infection by trypanosomes. For the parasitological study, a total of 600 cattle (300 in each season) were sampled and assayed using the buffy coat technique. A total of 80 standard NGU traps were deployed around the watering and grazing areas for the entomological survey. An overall prevalence of trypanosomosis was 10.17% (61/600), of which 7.33% (22/300) and 13% (39/300) accounted for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of trypanosomosis was significantly higher during the wet season (OR = 2.47; p < 0.05), in black coat color (OR = 7.2, p < 0.05), and poor body-conditioned (OR = 3.15; p < 0.05) animals. Two species of trypanosomes, Trypanosoma congolense, 68.85% (42/61), and Trypanosoma vivax, 31.15% (19/61), were circulating in the area. The mean PCV value in infected animals (22.56 ± 4.61) was significantly lower than in non-infected animals (25.3 ± 4.75). Entomological result indicated that Glossina pallidipes (G. pallidipes) was the only species of tsetse found in the study area. Totally, 3,789 flies were caught of which 81.42% (3,085/3,789) belong to G. pallidipes and 18.58% (704/3,789) were other biting flies. The overall apparent density of G. pallidipes was 12.85 flies/trap/day (FTD). Relatively higher G. pallidipes/trap/day were caught in the wet season (13.64 F/T/D) than in the dry season (12.07F/T/D). Of the flies caught, 342 G. pallidipes were randomly selected and dissected. The overall proportion of G. pallidipes infection was 18.42% (63/342) of which 12.28% (21/171) and 24.56% (42/171) were accounted in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Infection in G. pallidipes was significantly higher during the wet season (OR = 2.32; p < 0.05) and in park grazing areas (OR = 2.45; p < 0.05). In conclusion, trypanosomosis is the major challenge for cattle productivity in the district. So this study warrants the need for strengthening the vector and parasite control interventions in the area.

Keywords: Glossina; bovine; pallidipes; seasonal; trypanosomosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict ofinterest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of the study area.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Seasonal prevalence of trypanosomosis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Packed cell volume (PCV) distribution for infected and non-infected animals.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Seasonal apparent density based on vegetation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kuzoe FAS. Current situation of African trypanosomiasis. Acta Tropica. (1993) 54:153–62. 10.1016/0001-706X(93)90089-T - DOI - PubMed
    1. OIE . Terrestrial Manual: Standardized Techniques for the Diagnosis of Tsetse Transmitted Trypanosomiasis. Rome: World Organization for Animal Health; (2008).
    1. Torgerson PR, Macpherson CN. The socioeconomic burden of parasitic zoonoses: global trends. Vet Parasitol. (2011) 182:79–95. 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.017 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Stijlemans B, De Baetselier P, Magez S, Van Ginderachter JA, De Trez C. African trypanosomiasis-associated anemia: the contribution of the interplay between parasites and the mononuclear phagocyte system. Front Immunol. (2018) 9:218. 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00218 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Assefa E, Abebe G. Drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense naturally infected donkeys in North Omo Zone, southern Ethiopia. Vet Parasitol. (2001) 99:261–71. 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00489-7 - DOI - PubMed