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. 2022 Mar 14:10:748157.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.748157. eCollection 2022.

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Diabetes in India From the Countrywide National NCD Monitoring Survey

Prashant Mathur  1 , Sravya Leburu  1 , Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan  1
Affiliations

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment and Control of Diabetes in India From the Countrywide National NCD Monitoring Survey

Prashant Mathur et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: To determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated factors amongst adults (18-69 years) in India from the National Noncommunicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS).

Methods: NNMS was a comprehensive, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2017-18 on a national sample of 12,000 households in 600 primary sampling units. In every household, one eligible adult aged 18-69 years were selected. Information on NCD risk factors and their health-seeking behaviors were collected. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and fasting capillary blood glucose were measured. DM was defined as fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥126 mg/dl including those on medication. Awareness, treatment, and control of DM were defined as adults previously diagnosed with DM by a doctor, on prescribed medication for DM, and FBG <126 mg/dl, respectively. The weighted data are presented as mean and proportions with 95% CI. We applied the Student t-test for continuous variables, Pearson's chi-square test for categorical variables and multivariate regression to determine the odds ratio. For statistical significance, a p-value < 0.05 was considered.

Results: Prevalence of DM and impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG) in India was 9.3% and 24.5% respectively. Among those with DM, 45.8% were aware, 36.1% were on treatment and 15.7% had it under control. More than three-fourths of adults approached the allopathic practitioners for consultation (84.0%) and treatment (78.8%) for diabetes. Older adults were associated with an increased risk for DM [OR 8.89 (95% CI 6.66-11.87) and were 16 times more aware of DM. Better awareness, treatment and control levels were seen among adults with raised blood pressure and raised cholesterol.

Conclusions: The prevalence of DM and IFG is high among adults, while the levels of awareness, treatment and control are still low in India, and this varied notably between the age groups. Multifaceted approaches that include improved awareness, adherence to treatment, better preventive and counseling services are crucial to halt diabetes in India. Also, expanding traditional systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy [AYUSH]) into diabetes prevention and control practices open solutions to manage this crisis.

Keywords: India; awareness; control; diabetes mellitus; prevalence; surveillance; treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Survey response rates of diabetes care cascade among adults (18–69 years) in India.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution (Percentage) of fasting blood glucose among adults by area of residence, sex and age categories.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of fasting blood glucose among adults (18–69 years) by BMI (Percentage).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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